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Empirical and Theoretical Investigations on Predicate Composition - A Contrastive View for German Grammar

谓语构成的实证与理论研究——德语语法的对比

基本信息

批准号：
16520228
负责人：
OYA Toshiaki
金额：
$ 2.27万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16520228/
关键词：
particle verb Ground Promotion low dative 結果構文 particle verb 移動様態動詞二重目的語

项目摘要

1. In German the participant toward whom the action described by the verb is oriented can be represented by an argument in particle verbs, e. g. anlachen 'at-laugh', whereas it is not possible in English. This difference comes from the basic word order in languages, namely SOV and SVO. 2. The dative in the German verb zulachen, which expresses 'laugh at' as well, should be analyzed a so-called possessor dative. Therefore the referent of the dative must be sentient (=a person). 3. The indirect object in the verb zuwerfen 'to throw' in German and toegooien 'to-throw' in Dutch is a possessor dative as well. Thus the dative object in zuwerfen 'to-throw' is not selected by the particle zu-' to'. 4. In German a goal can be expressed by a dative in the verb zueilen 'to-hurry', whereas it is not possible in the corresponding verb toesnellen in Dutch. This difference is attributed to the availability of the 'low dative' in German. 5. In German a 'ground', which is defined as a semantic object of particle, appears in particle verbs with ein- 'in-' and auf 'on', e. g. den Wagen aufladen 'load the car on' and das Glas eingieben 'pour the glass in'. In contrast the corresponding expressions in English are ruled out. This difference is due to the fact that the German particle in and auf denote not only the resultant goal. 6. A significant difference with respect to the verbs of manner of motion between Japanese and German does not consist in the verb meaning itself, but German constructions containing these verbs and PPs can express the resultant state, as well as the movement of the subject. E. g. the sentence Er rannte zum Bahnhof 'He ran to the station' can denote the fact that the subject stayed at the station for a while as a result of movement. Such a reading does not exist in the quasi-corresponding sentence in Japanese Kare-wa eki made hasitta.

1. 在德语中，动词所描述的动作所针对的参与者可以用助词动词中的一个论元来表示，例如。 g。 anlachen 'at-laugh'，而在英语中这是不可能的。这种差异来自于语言的基本词序，即 SOV 和 SVO。 2. 德语动词 zulachen 中的与格也表示“笑”，应分析为所谓的所有格与格。因此，与格的所指对象必须是有感情的（=一个人）。 3. 德语中的动词 zuwerfen“to throw”和荷兰语中的 toegooien“to- throw”中的间接宾语也是所有格与格。因此 zuwerfen 'to- throw' 中的与格宾语不被助词 zu-' to' 选择。 4. 在德语中，目标可以通过动词 zueilen“to-hurry”中的与格来表达，而在荷兰语中相应的动词 toesnellen 中则不可能。这种差异归因于德语中“低位与格”的可用性。 5. 在德语中，“ground”被定义为助词的语义对象，出现在带 ein-“in-”和 auf“on”的助词动词中，例如： g。 den Wagen aufladen '装载汽车'和 das Glas eingieben '倒入玻璃'。相反，英语中的相应表达被排除。这种差异是由于德语助词 in 和 auf 不仅表示最终进球。 6. 日语和德语的运动方式动词的显着差异并不在于动词含义本身，但包含这些动词和介词的德语结构可以表达结果状态以及主语的运动。例如句子 Er rannte zum Bahnhof 'He ran to the station' 可以表示主体由于运动而在车站停留了一段时间。这种读法在日语 Kare-wa eki made hasitta 的准对应句子中并不存在。