Sociolinguistic research on native speakers of English in Japan: Language variation and change caused by language and dialect contact

本研究考察了不同方言的英语本族语者之间以及本族语者与非本族语者之间频繁的海外交流的后果。它探讨了发生在日本英语社区的长期住宿。为了这项研究的目的，进行了一项实时研究，以观察各种元音和辅音之间的NSE来自英国，美国和新西兰谁住在日本的修改。本研究还考虑了个体说话者的社会网络强度。通过对英国、北美和澳大拉西亚的个体说话者网络中的变体选择进行研究，结果证实，在日本生活一年后，某些辅音和元音的变体选择发生了变化，但变化的方向和数量取决于说话者。变体选择的变化与说话人的社会网络强度之间存在着一些强相关性， ...更多信息 已被证明如下：（1）与来自其本国地区的NSE的强大社交网络鼓励使用在其自己的英语变体中常用的变体和/或阻碍使用在其他英语变体中更常用的变体，（二）一个强大的社会网络与NSE从一个国家以外的其他自己的促进使用的变体，这是更常用的英语品种，其他国家和/或抑制在他们自己的英语变体中常用的变体的使用，以及（3）具有非NSE的强大社交网络抑制非NSE不常用的变体的使用。社交网络对语言使用影响的研究表明，在一个没有目标语或优势方言的地方，方言顺应的方向不仅仅取决于说话人的居住地，而且至少部分取决于说话人与之有密切接触和频繁互动的人。少

This study investigated the consequences of frequent interaction abroad between native speakers of English (NSE) of different dialects and between NSE and non-NSE. It explores the long-term accommodation which takes places in the Anglophone community of Japan. For the purposes of this study, a real-time study was conducted to observe the modification of various vowels and consonants among NSE from England, the United States and New Zealand who were living in Japan. This study also considers individual speakers' social network strength. British networks, North American networks and Australasian networks of individual speakers were examined with the speaker' s choice of variants.The results have confirmed that there are changes in the choice of variants for some consonants and vowels after a year in Japan but the directions and the amount of the change depends on the speaker. Some strong correlations between the change in the choice of variants and the speaker's social network strength h … More ave been demonstrated as follows: (1) a strong social network with NSE from their home country area encourages the use of variants which are commonly used in their own English variety and/or hinders the use of variants more commonly used in other English varieties, (2) a strong social network with NSE from a country other than their own facilitates the use of variants which are more commonly used in the English variety of the other country and/or suppresses the use of the variants commonly used in their own English variety, and (3) a strong social network with non-NSE suppresses the use of variants which are not commonly used by the non-NSE. The present study of the influence of social networks on language use has demonstrated that the direction of dialect accommodation in a place where no target or dominant dialect exists is not simply determined by the place where the speaker lives, but rather determined, at least partly, by the people the speaker has close contact and frequent interactions with. Less