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National Minorities in Eastern Europe and the Balkans, and the Post-Cold War European Security System

东欧和巴尔干地区的少数民族与冷战后的欧洲安全体系

基本信息

批准号：
16530110
负责人：
MUTSUSHIKA Shigeo
金额：
$ 2.31万
依托单位：
University of Shizuoka
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16530110/
关键词：
Eastern Europe Balkans national minority issues Geopolitics of 'between the Powers national minority guarantee system European security system conditionality effects of the EU NATO enlargement humanitarian intervention コソヴォ凍結された紛争ボ

项目摘要

This research project made it clear why and how the national minority problems appeared in the Eastern Europe and the Balkans, and how the European international community has tackled with this issue. The main results of this research are as follows. 1. The geopolitical element such as "between the powers" was one of the most influential reasons, which caused national minority issues in this region. 2. More concretely, the discrepancy between the territorial borderlines drawn after the First World War and real ethno-linguistic distribution in this region caused problems of national minority there. 3. The League of Nations System of minority guarantees was founded after the First World War in order to resolve the serious national minority issues, but the principle of sovereignty and the fragile Versailles system made it fail to accomplish its own responsibilities. 4. National minority issues there reappeared after the end of the Cold War, but all of them did not risk military conflicts like the cases of the Russian and the Hungarian minority issues in the Baltic and Central Europe respectively. 5. The post-Cold War European security system was created through the European international politics around the ethnic conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, and it contributed to the relative stability in Europe. This system has five characteristics: (1) the value, which considers national minority issues as an European significant security matter, and integral principle of "territorial integrity" and "respects for national minority rights" (2) institutionalization of mutual complimentary European security system composed of OSCE, Council of Europe, EU and NATO, (3) the effects of conditionality on the East European states for their accession to the EU and the NATO, (4) introduction of the concept of 'humanitarian intervention' and the enforcement by the NATO, (5) international cooperation system of the European international organizations for the post-conflict reconstruction.

这一研究项目明确了东欧和巴尔干地区少数民族问题出现的原因和方式，以及欧洲国际社会如何处理这一问题。本研究的主要结果如下。1.“大国之间”等地缘政治因素是造成该地区少数民族问题的重要原因之一。2.更具体地说，第一次世界大战后划定的领土边界与该地区真实的民族语言分布之间的差异造成了该地区少数民族的问题。3.国际联盟少数民族保障制度是在第一次世界大战后为解决严重的少数民族问题而建立的，但主权原则和脆弱的凡尔赛体系使其未能完成自己的职责。4.冷战结束后，那里的少数民族问题再次出现，但都没有像波罗的海的俄罗斯和中欧的匈牙利少数民族问题那样冒着军事冲突的风险。5.冷战后的欧洲安全体系是围绕着前南斯拉夫地区的民族冲突而形成的欧洲国际政治体系，它为欧洲的相对稳定做出了贡献。这一制度有五个特点：（1）将少数民族问题视为欧洲重大安全问题的价值观，以及“领土完整”和“尊重少数民族权利”的整体原则;（2）将欧安组织、欧洲理事会、欧盟和北约组成的互补性欧洲安全体系制度化;（3）条件性对东欧国家加入欧盟和北约的影响;（4）“人道主义干预”概念的引入和北约的实施;（5）欧洲冲突后重建国际组织的国际合作体系。