CHANGE OF POLITICAL STRUCTURE IN THE EASTERN EUROPE AND MEDITERRANEAN AREAS AND THE RESPONCE OF THE EU

要了解东欧国家的政权更迭，有必要考察制度方面的问题，民主化，市场经济的引入。短期的政权更迭仅限于政治层面。另一方面，经济自由化进程需要长期的努力，因为经济改革必须克服各种经济困难。这种变化发生在罗马尼亚，它一直在国内和国际政治的联动下进行政权更迭，此外，地中海地区伊斯兰国家的政治变化，人口增长、失业、大城市周围贫民窟扩大、贫富差距扩大等社会经济问题变得严重。这项研究澄清了那些国家的现状，即许多人被伊斯兰运动的意识形态所吸引，这些运动根据传统的伊斯兰观念倡导“社会正义”和“平等”。此外，越来越多希望改善生活的穆斯林考虑移民到欧盟国家。然而，同样存在失业问题和主张驱逐移民的右翼激进分子抬头的欧盟国家，不得不认真审视对邻国伊斯兰国家的经济支持。此外，欧盟从1996年3月开始举行政府间会议，为东欧和地中海国家的加入做准备。尽管欧盟实现了《阿姆斯特丹条约》的签署，但内部机构改革一直被保留到下一次东扩。由此，“深化与扩大”协调发展的困境日益凸显。此外，可以说，在这样的过程中，欧盟和土耳其的关系变得微妙，这成为对欧盟未来发展的一些担忧。

To understand the regime change in the eastern European countries, it is necesarry to examine institutional aspects, democratization, introduction of market economy. The short term regime change is limited to only political dimension. On the other hand, the process of economic liberalization needs long term efforts as economic reform must overcome various economic difficulties. Such change has been seen in Romania, which has been going through regime change under the linkage between domestic and international politics.In addition, regarding the political change of the Islamic countries in Mediterranean area, social and economic problems such as population growth, unemployment, enlargement of slums surrounding big cities, widening gaps between the rich and the poor has become serious. This research clarifies the present situation in those countries that many people are absorbed in the ideology of Islamic movements which advocate "social justice" and "equality" according to traditional Islamic concepts. Furthermore, more and more muslims who hope the improvement of their livings consider to emigrate to the EU countries. However, the EU countries, which also have the unemployment issues and the rise of right wing radicals which advocate expulsion of immigrants, have to examine seriously the economic support for the neighboring Islamic countries.In addition, the EU has began to hold inter-govenmental conferences since March 1996 to prepare for the membership of the Eastern European and the Mediterranean countries. Although the EU realized the signing of the Amsterdam Treaty, the reform of internal institutions for the next enlargement has been reserved. As a result, the dificulties of harmonious development of "deepening and enlargement" has become obvious. In addition, one can say that in such process, the relationship between the EU and Turkey has become delicate, and this has become some apprehension about the future development of the EU.