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Study of Ammonia Dissociation System for Portable Fuel Cells

便携式燃料电池氨解离系统的研究

基本信息

批准号：
16560192
负责人：
SAIKA Takashi
金额：
$ 2.46万
依托单位：
Kogakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16560192/
关键词：
Fuel cell Hydrogen energy Ammonia dissociation Hydrogen generator Portable electric generator Low cont. ammonia separation 低濃度アンモニア除去

项目摘要

In this research, the researchers have described a fuel-cell electric vehicle for trial purposes with the hydrogen generation system fueled with ammonia for compact vehicles. The system consists of a dissociator with Ruthenium/Alumina catalyst, aheat exchanger and an ammonia separator to remove residual ammonia. The dissociation system compactly unifies the heat exchanger and the dissociator to effectively rise the temperature of the system by installing some alumina balls just before catalyst. Therefore the system can be small in size enough to be installed on-board in the vehicle.The cruising time is about 160 minutes in the system. If the concentration of residual ammonia in the dissociated gas becomes 13 ppm or more, the residual ammonia will poison the proton exchange membrane (electrolyte) of the fuel cell, and cause the fuel cell to decrease the output. The residual ammonia in the separator must be removed, because the ammonia concentration in the dissociated gas reaches 13 ppm after 160 minutes in the experiment. If the residual ammonia is removed, the system can be expected to be about 2.5 times of the cruising time. In addition, it is estimated that the fuel cell will probably work for about 20 hours with 10 liters of liquid ammonia.In this research, the hydrogen generation system fueled with liquid ammonia for fuel cells was proposed, and the vehicle with the ammonia dissociation system was actually manufactured for a trial purpose. Ammonia will be also expected as an alternate fuel for the measure of the environmental problem. Although further improvement of energy efficiency and safety is needed, the fuel-cell electric vehicle can be one of the clean future vehides by assuming liquid ammonia as an alternate fuel for fuel cells.

在这项研究中，研究人员描述了一种用于试验目的的燃料电池电动汽车，该汽车采用以氨为燃料的制氢系统。该系统由一个带有钌/氧化铝催化剂的解离器、一个热交换器和一个用于去除残余氨的氨分离器组成。解离系统将热交换器和解离器紧密地结合在一起，通过在催化剂前安装一些氧化铝球，有效地提高了系统温度。因此，该系统的尺寸可以小到足以安装在车上。系统的巡航时间约为160分钟。如果解离气体中残余氨的浓度达到13ppm以上，残余氨就会毒害燃料电池的质子交换膜（电解液），导致燃料电池输出减少。分离器中的残余氨必须清除，因为实验中160分钟后解离气体中的氨浓度达到13ppm。如果去除残留的氨，系统可以预期约为巡航时间的2.5倍。此外，据估计，燃料电池可以在10升液态氨的情况下工作约20小时。本研究提出了用于燃料电池的以液氨为燃料的制氢系统，并实际制造了带有氨解离系统的车辆进行试验。氨也有望作为替代燃料来衡量环境问题。虽然能源效率和安全性还有待进一步提高，但以液态氨作为燃料电池的替代燃料，燃料电池电动汽车可以成为未来清洁汽车之一。