Development of Paddling Tank Equipped with Circulating Water Channel(CWC); Application of Skill Analysis for Elite Kayak Athletes

为提高皮艇运动员的运动技能，研制了装有循环水道的划艇池。本研究的目的是开发新的训练方法，通过监测冲力和翻滚角等力学变量，并将生理反应与1000米皮划艇计时赛的结果进行比较。为研究和训练皮划艇及赛艇运动，新研制了一款装有CWC的赛艇水箱。CWC的功能性能如下：最大流速5.5m/s，流量均匀度~ +/-5%，最大波高~ 50mm。皮艇的船首连接在支撑导向系统上，该系统测量划桨产生的推进力（Fy）和艇的翻滚角（θr）。受试者（国家优秀皮划艇运动员）在水流中进行间歇训练，在3.5 ~ 5.5m/s的流速下保持艇的位置。在间歇划桨试验中，用K4b2系统（Cosmed, Italy）测量了更多的HR和VO2。在1000米计时赛中，船速急剧上升至约6m/s，在约300米处逐渐下降至4.0-4.5m/s。在距离目标300米后，速度有所下降或保持不变，但各被试之间存在差异。心率也在比赛开始后急剧增加，并保持在几乎最高水平（180-190bpm）。VO2与HR有相似的趋势，但在300分之后，受试者的反应不同。表现最好的运动员（1000米比赛3分钟和45秒）表明，瞬时VO2在300米后逐渐增加，伴随水平超过190bpm。他是唯一能在5.0m/s流速的划桨池中完成间歇工作试验的受试者。全国优秀运动员在Fy幅度和θr平衡上均优于高校运动员。θr与Fy的关系在运动水平上存在差异，成绩最高的运动员在θr-Fy曲线上呈现出明显的八字形。少

Paddling tank equipped with CWC(Circulating water channel) has developed for improving the athletic skill in kayak athletes. This study was designed to develop new training methods using paddling tank with monitoring mechanical variables such as impulsion force and rolling angle as well as comparing the physiological responses with those obtained at 1000m-kayak time trial.A rowing tank equipped with CWC was newly developed for both research and training of canoeing and rowing. Functional performance of the CWC were as follows ; maximum velocity of the flow : 5.5m/s, uniformity of the flow : 〜+/-5% and maximum wave height : 〜50mm. Bow of kayak boat was attached to the supporting guide system which measures propulsion force(Fy) caused by paddling as well as rolling angle of the boat(θr). Subjects(national elite canoeing athletes) performed interval training in the flow as to maintain the position of the boat at the water velocity of 3.5 to 5.5m/s. During interval paddling trials, simulta … More neous HR and VO2 were measured by K4b2 system(Cosmed, Italy).At 1000m time trial race, velocity of the boat steeply increased up to about 6m/s and gradually decreased to 4.0-4.5m/s at about 300m point. After 300m point to the goal, the velocity decreased or maintained constant which were differed among the subjects. HR also increased sharply after the start of the race and maintained at almost maximal level(180-190bpm). VO2 had similar tendency as HR, but after 300 point the responses were different from subject to subject. Highest performer(3min and 45s for 1000m race) indicated that instantaneous VO2 increased gradually after 300m to the goal with accompanying level over 190bpm. He was the only subject who could accomplish intermittent work trial in the paddling tank at the flow velocity of 5.0m/s. National elite athletes were superior in Fy magnitude and θr balance than these from collegiate athletes. Relationship between θr and Fy was different among athletic level, the highest performer indicated clear eight figured shape in θr-Fy curve. Less