Urban and spatial economics considering multiple externalities

考虑多重外部性的城市与空间经济学

• 批准号: 17330062
• 负责人: OKAMOTO Ryosuke
• 金额: $ 10.02万
• 依托单位: National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17330062/
• 关键词: Economic Policy; Spatial Economics; Urban Economics; Externality; Network

We have developed methods for theoretical and quantitative analysis of policy effects in a spatial economy with multiple distortions related to scale economies, externalities, taxations, and regulations.In a spatial economy, the office and the housing rents reflect the effects of agglomeration economies and regulations. We have estimated costs and benefits generated by the deregulation of building floor to area ratio in the Otemachi-Marunouchi area and obtained the result that the benefit exceeds the cost. We also have developed a theoretical model with the location choices of firms and workers and shown that heterogeneities of firms and workers are important for more concrete analysis.In investing and managing airports and ports, the interactions among scale economies, regulation, and agglomeration economies are important. We have discussed the policy direction to improve the efficiency in the airports and ports in Tokyo and Osaka. In addition, we have proposed a compatible way of the reform of local airports to encourage the proposals on Tokyo and Osaka.Taking into account of the interaction of distortions generated by taxations in the commodity markets, we can calculate the optimal tax rates. However, the uniform tax has an advantage of ease for practice. We have estimated the demand functions using Japanese consumption data and shown that uniform tax attains the welfare level very close to that is attained by the optimum commodity tax.By developing a partial equilibrium model of the coastal freight service sector, we evaluated the regulatory scheme called "transitional business," which was installed as a succeeding regulatory scheme of the voluntary capacity regulation for this sector. The result implies the welfare losses by the current regulation and the possible magnitude of the modal shifts to from other transport modes.

我们发展了空间经济中政策效应的理论和定量分析方法，空间经济中存在与规模经济、外部性、税收和监管相关的多重扭曲。在空间经济中，写字楼和住房租金反映了集聚经济和监管的影响。我们估计了解除对Otemachi-Marunouchi地区建筑物建筑面积比的管制所产生的成本和收益，并得出收益超过成本的结果。我们还建立了一个关于企业和工人区位选择的理论模型，并证明了企业和工人的异质性对于更具体的分析是重要的。在投资和管理机场和港口时，规模经济、管制和集聚经济之间的相互作用是重要的。我们讨论了提高东京和大阪机场和港口效率的政策方向。此外，我们还提出了一种兼容的地方机场改革方式，以鼓励东京和大阪的建议。考虑到商品市场税收扭曲的相互作用，我们可以计算出最优税率。然而，统一征税有一个便于实践的优势。我们利用日本的消费数据对需求函数进行了估计，结果表明统一税达到的福利水平非常接近于最优商品税的福利水平。通过建立沿海货运服务部门的局部均衡模型，我们评估了被称为“过渡性业务”的监管方案，该方案被设置为该部门自愿性运力监管的后续监管方案。这一结果暗示了当前监管带来的福利损失以及运输方式从其他运输方式转向其他运输方式的可能幅度。

项目成果

Some Empirical Evidence on Demand System and Optimal Commodity Taxation

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5876.2006.00306.x
• 发表时间: 2004-05
• 期刊: Wiley-Blackwell: Japanese Economic Review
• 作者: S. Asano;T. Fukushima

地方空港の市場淘汰と政策淘汰

地方机场的市场选择和政策选择

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 都市住宅学 58
• 作者: McKenzie;C.(Takaoka S.との共著);McKenzie C.R.(Takaoka S.との共著);McKenzie C.R.(Takaoka S.との共著);金子隆;McKenzie C.R.(Takaoka S.との共著);McKenzie C.R.(Takaoka S.との共著);鷹岡澄子(Takaoka S.との共著);McKenzie C.R.(鷹岡澄子との共著);Ryosuke Okamoto;岡本亮介
• 通讯作者: 岡本亮介

都心オフィスビルの容積率緩和による交通量増大効果の測定

衡量放宽市中心写字楼容积率增加交通量的效果

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 運輸政策研究 8
• 作者: 八田達夫;唐戸広志
• 通讯作者: 唐戸広志

集積の利益追求のための空港・港湾機能集中化政策-東京・大阪を中心に

机场港口功能集中政策追求集聚效益——以东京、大阪为重点

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 八田達夫 編著『都心回帰の経済学』(日本経済新聞社)
• 作者: 八田達夫;唐渡広志;八田達夫;上田浩平・唐渡広志・八田達夫;岡本亮介
• 通讯作者: 岡本亮介

Toshin Office-biru no yosekiritsu-kanwa niyoru kotsu-ryo no Zodai-kouka no sokutei

东信事务所-biru no yosekirtsu-kanwa niyoru kotsu-ryo no Zodai-kouka no sokutei

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Transport Policy Studies' Review Vol.8, No.4
• 作者: Tatsuo;Hatta
• 通讯作者: Hatta