Development of green composites using thermoplastics and bamboo fiber

使用热塑性塑料和竹纤维开发绿色复合材料

• 批准号: 17360053
• 负责人: FUJII Toru
• 金额: $ 6.76万
• 依托单位: Doshisha University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17360053/
• 关键词: Green Composite; Bamboo fiber; Injection molding; Poly Lactic Acid(PLA); Environment; Sustainable natural resources; Cellulose micro-fibrils; Polypropylene; コンパウンド; ポリプロピレン

Bamboo fibers were extracted from raw bamboo such as Moso (Chinese) and Madake (a typical Japanese bamboo) by following three methods. (1) Mechanical processing by using the conventional fiber loosening machine. It has a rotating nail drum where thin bamboo strips are used. Younger bamboo than one year old is suitable for this method. (2) Alkali (NaOH) treatment: First, bamboo strips are immersed in a hot alkali bath for a couple hours, then, they are machined(3) Steam explosion method: Raw bamboo is set in a steam chamber which will be filled with super heated steam at high pressure. Then, the steam is abruptly released. Micro-cell explosion occurs in cells. Then, fibers are extracted by using the loosing machine from steam exploded bamboo. Relatively long fibers are obtained by the alkali treatment and the steam explosion method while short fibers are extracted when bamboo is mechanically processed. However, long fibers can be obtained enough to be used for fabricating non-woven fa … More brics by mixing thermoplastic (TP) fibers as long as the bamboo is very young. Non-woven fabrics using relatively short bamboo fibers as well as TP fibers such as PP and PE were successfully developed. It can be used as a green composite material to form inner components of automobiles such as ceiling and rear trays. PIA (Poly Lactic Acid) fibers made from corns can also be used instead of PP fibers. Fibers shorter than 50 mm are mixed with TP using a twin screw extruder to fabricate green composites pellets. In order to increase the tensile/bending strengths of the injection molded parts, the bamboo fiber diameter is a key as well as the aspect ratio. Thinner than 0.1 mm is desirable for the nominal diameter of bamboo fibers as well as a high aspect ratio greater than 20. Through the twin extruder path, the aspect ratio of bamboo fibers in a composite decreases. The maximum tensile strength of a bamboo fiber (50%wt content) /PP composite is about 50 Mpa. The maleic acid modification is obliged to increase the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber green composites.The mechanical properties of random bamboo fiber mats/Polyester composites (BFRP) were measured. The BFRP was fabricated by RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) while long bamboo fibers were extracted from MOSO bamboo by the alkali treatment. The bamboo mats were fabricated by using a carding machine in conjunction with a needle punching machine. The mats was very thick and the resultant BFRP had a low strength not enough to use for fabricating small boats (5 m long). Then, in order to increase the bamboo fiber fraction, bamboo mats were compressed in advance and used. The observed strength of the improved BFRP is strong enough to use for the boats. However, the study on water absorption tells us to pay a lot of attention on water. An appropriate treatment to prevent the water absorption during service is strongly suggested.The present study shows that not only the mechanical properties of PIA but also the heat resistance at elevated temperature are well improved due to inclusion of micro-fibrillated bamboo fibers. Short bamboo fibers can enhance the tensile strength and heat resistance, but the impact strength becomes low due to bamboo fibers. On the other hand, if the bamboo fibers are slightly fibrillated, the impact strength is well improved. Finally, the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite materials based on PLA are sometimes higher than those of 20 wt% glass fiber/ABS composite. The fibrillated bamboo fibers are also applied to fabricate the proving disks for semi-conductors. Less

以毛竹和日本竹为原料，采用以下三种方法提取竹纤维。 (1)采用传统的纤维疏松机进行机械加工。它有一个旋转的钉鼓，其中使用薄竹条。一年生以下的幼龄竹适用于这种方法。 (2)碱（NaOH）处理：首先，竹条在热碱浴中浸泡几个小时，然后，它们被加工（3）蒸汽爆炸法：将原竹置于蒸汽室中，该蒸汽室将充满高压过热蒸汽。然后，蒸汽突然释放。细胞内发生微细胞爆炸。然后，用松解机从汽爆竹中提取纤维。碱处理和蒸汽爆破法可获得较长的纤维，而机械加工则可提取短纤维。然而，可以获得足够长的纤维用于制造非织造织物。 关于我们 通过混合热塑性塑料（TP）纤维，只要竹子是非常年轻的砖。成功开发了使用相对较短的竹纤维以及PP和PE等TP纤维的非织造布。它可以作为一种绿色复合材料来形成汽车的内部部件，如天花板和后托盘。由玉米制成的PIA（聚乳酸）纤维也可以用来代替PP纤维。使用双螺杆挤出机将短于50 mm的纤维与TP混合以制造绿色复合材料粒料。为了提高注塑成型部件的拉伸/弯曲强度，竹纤维直径以及纵横比是关键。对于竹纤维的标称直径而言，薄于0.1mm以及大于20的高纵横比是期望的。通过双挤出机路径，复合材料中竹纤维的长径比减小。竹纤维（50%wt含量）/PP复合材料的最大拉伸强度约为50 MPa。对竹纤维无规毡/聚酯复合材料（BFRP）进行马来酸改性，以提高竹纤维绿色复合材料的力学性能。以毛竹为原料，经碱处理提取长竹纤维，采用树脂传递模塑法（RTM）制备BFRP。竹席是通过使用梳理机结合针刺机制造的。垫非常厚，并且所得的BFRP具有不足以用于制造小船（5米长）的低强度。然后，为了增加竹纤维分数，竹席被预先压缩并使用。改进后的BFRP的强度可以满足船舶的使用要求。然而，对吸水性的研究告诉我们要注意水。研究表明，微纤化竹纤维的加入不仅提高了PIA的力学性能，而且提高了PIA的高温耐热性。短竹纤维可以提高拉伸强度和耐热性，但由于竹纤维的存在，冲击强度降低。另一方面，如果竹纤维轻微原纤化，则冲击强度得到很好的改善。最后，基于PLA的复合材料的机械和热性能有时高于20wt%玻璃纤维/ABS复合材料的那些。竹原纤化纤维还可用于制造半导体材料的测试盘。少

项目成果

Improvement of Fracture toughness of Light Curing Optical Epoxy Resin due to Micro Fibrillated Cellulose

微纤化纤维素提高光固化光学环氧树脂断裂韧性

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Keigo JOKO;Kazuya OKUBO;Toru FUJII
• 通讯作者: Toru FUJII

Development of a pleasure boat using bamboo fiber reinforced plastics

竹纤维增强塑料游船的开发

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Ryusuuke TANAKA;Kazuya OKUBO;Toru FUJII;Masao ONO;Akio SAKURAI
• 通讯作者: Akio SAKURAI

Effective Technique for Injection Molding Using Micro-fibrillated Bamboo Fiber

微纤化竹纤维注塑成型的有效技术

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Chiaki TANAKA;Kazuya OKUBO;Toru FUJII
• 通讯作者: Toru FUJII

Improvement of mechanical properties of bamboo polymer composite enhanced with micro-fibrillated cellulose

微纤化纤维素增强竹聚合物复合材料力学性能的改善

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Kazuya OKUBO;Toru FUJJI
• 通讯作者: Toru FUJJI

Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion in Bamboo Polymer Composite Enhanced with Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose

• DOI: 10.1299/jsmea.48.199
• 发表时间: 2005-10
• 期刊: Jsme International Journal Series A-solid Mechanics and Material Engineering
• 作者: K. Okubo;T. Fujii;N. Yamashita