Study on Community Development model Based on the Promotion of Social Capital

本研究旨在探讨以社会资本(SC)为概念的日本老龄化社会社区发展模式。本研究围绕以下三个主题展开研究：(1)丘陵山区直接收入支付绩效、农村社区安置与老年人健康之间的关系；(2)社区建设促进老年人可持续发展；(3)编制可持续发展量表。数据是通过对和歌山县和新泻县兵库县社区发展案例的问卷调查和访谈获得的。此外，用于测量SC的数据来自京都普莱夫。另一个赤田半岛老年人数据库是由日本福岛大学AGES项目提供的。我们利用数据集进行了统计分析，包括多水平分析和扎根理论。通过分析，我们发现：(1)供应链的状况与上述绩效之间存在一定的关系；(2)即使在农村这样的小区域，供应链总体水平较低，但如果该地区的某些居民群体的供应链水平较高，则丘陵山区的直接收入支付绩效较高；(3)通过社区发展活动与外界的互动促进了供应链的发展；(4)作为SC测量工具的ISCI的高效度得到了验证。这些结果表明，社区发展可能是促进社区发展的有效措施，社区发展对老年人和农村等老龄社区具有积极的影响。研究结果表明，社区发展不仅是促进可持续发展的有效措施，而且在考虑可持续发展的基础上，对老龄化社会也具有一定的作用。

This research project aimed to develop the community development model for the aging society in Japan considering the concept of Social Capital (SC). In line with the purpose, we conducted researches about following three themes; (1) relationships between SC and performances of Direct Income Payment for Hilly and Mountainous Area, settlement in rural community and health of aged individuals, (2) promotion of SC through community developments, (3) development of a scale to measure SC. The data was collected by a questionnaire survey and an interview from the cases of community developments in Wakayama pref., and Hyogo pref., Niigata pref. In addition, the data for measuring SC was collected from Kyoto pref. and another database of aged individuals in Chita peninsula was provided by AGES Project of Nihon Fukushi University. We applied statistical analysis including Multi Level Analysis and Grounded Theory using the dataset. As results of those analyses, we found following facts, (1) there were the relationships between the situation of SC and the above performances, (2) even if SC was totally low in a small region such as a rural village, the performance of Direct Income Payment for Hilly and Mountainous Area was high if some resident's groups living in the region had high level SC, (3) SC was promoted by interacting with outsiders through community development activities, (4) the high validity of ISCI, which had been developed as the measurement of SC, was proved. Those results suggested that community development could be an effective measure to promote SC as well as that SC was having a positive effect on aged individuals and aging communities such as rural villages. Additionally, those results showed that community development was not only an effective measure for promoting SC, but also had affectivity for the aging society by considering SC.