Studes on the morphologicl and chemical diversities of Ephedra pants

2005年，我们与各国的研究人员在以下地区进行了合作实地调查，并从139个独立的群落中收集了约370份标本：中国内蒙古，辽宁，吉林，河北，四川省，蒙古乌兰巴托和戈壁沙漠西南部。2006年，中国河北省、甘肃省、新疆省和俄罗斯布里亚特共和国及滨海地区。2007年，在北京、云南、四川、河北及内蒙古蒙古边境地区采集的麻黄标本，通过形态学和DNA分析，除2份标本为麻黄（Ephedra sinica）、麻黄（E. dahulica、E. intermedia、E. equisetina、木贼E. likiangensis、E. monosperma、单孢E. przewarskii、艾美耳球虫E. minuta、小盾壳霉E. gerardiana。我们的结论是E. sinica和E. dahulica是同一物种，因为它们具有相似的形态和相同的DNA序列。另一方面，我们发现欧洲E. distachya，其中一些研究 ...更多信息 与Ephedra sinica和E. dahulica与它们有显著差异。通过发芽试验，E. sinica是一种盐生植物，与海滨植物相似。此外，E.干旱地区生长的Sinica中麻黄碱类生物碱含量相对高于湿地。我们可以发现E. sinica和E. intermedia，而其他解剖学特性变化显着的区域。我们观察了E。丽江麻黄（Ephedra）原产于四川茅州，但在明代《本草纲目》中已被记载为麻黄的主要产地。下至四川省及其西部地区。我们将继续对包括近东和中东、欧洲、南北美洲在内的西部地区进行调查，以研究世界范围内麻黄属植物的资源现状和分布。少

We conducted collaborative field surveys with researches in respective countries in the following regions, and collected approximately 370 specimens from 139 independent communities; In 2005, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, Sichuan Provinces, China, and the environs of Ulan Bator and the south-west part of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. In 2006, Hebei, Gansu, Xinjiang Provinces, China, and the Buryat Republic and the Maritime Region, Russia. In 2007, Beijing and Yunnan, Sichuan, Hebei Provinces, and the Mongolian border region of Inner Mongolia, China.By analysis of morphology and DNA of the specimens, we could identify them except 2 specimens as Ephedra sinica, E. dahulica, E. intermedia, E. equisetina, E. likiangensis, E. monosperma, E. przewarskii, E. minuta, E. gerardiana. We concluded that E. sinica and E. dahulica were the same species, since they had similar morphology and identical DNA sequences. On the other hand, we found that European E. distachya, which some researches … More have been thought the same species as Ephedra sinica and E. dahulica, was significantly varied from them. By germination tests, E. sinica was found halotorerant, similar to seaside plants. Furthermore, E. sinica grown in arid land had relatively higher ephedrine alkaloid contents than those in wetland. We could find some anatomical key differences between E. sinica and E. intermedia, while the other anatomical properties varied significantly by region. We observed E. likiangensis actually grown in Mao-zhou, Sichuan, where recent distribution of it was not reported but it had been written as a producing area of high quality Ma-huang in classic herbals of the Ming Dynasty.Our investigation suggests that diversification of Ephedra plant was noticeable in the regions from the Altai Mountains. down to Sichuan Province and the regions of their western side. We will continue the survey to the western regions including the Near and Middle East, Europe, and the North and South America to research the current resource and distribution of Ephedra plants worldwide. Less