Studes on the morphologicl and chemical diversities of Ephedra pants

我们与以下地区的各国研究人员进行了合作实地调查，收集了139个独立群落的约370个标本，2005年在内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、河北、四川、中国、乌兰巴托周围和蒙古戈壁沙漠西南部。2006年，河北、甘肃、新疆、中国、布里亚特共和国和俄罗斯海区。2007年在北京、云南、四川、河北和内蒙古蒙古国边境地区采集的标本，经形态和DNA分析，除2个标本分别为麻黄、达胡里麻黄、中间麻黄、木麻黄、丽江麻黄、单精麻黄、普氏麻黄、毛麻黄、毛麻黄外，其余均可鉴定。由于它们的形态相似，DNA序列完全相同，因此它们是同一种。另一方面，我们还发现了一些研究…的欧洲E.disachya更多的被认为是与麻黄和达胡里麻黄相同的种，与它们显著不同。通过发芽试验，发现中华绒毛委陵菜具有类似于海滨植物的嗜盐特性。此外，生长在旱地的中华龙须草的麻黄碱含量比生长在湿地的麻黄碱高。我们可以发现华中野生龙须草和中间野生龙须草在解剖学上的一些关键差异，而其他解剖特性则因地区而有显著差异。我们观察到丽江麻黄实际上生长在四川茂州，在那里最近的分布没有报道，但在明代的经典药材中已被写成优质麻黄产区。我们的调查表明，麻黄在阿拉泰山脉以外的地区表现出明显的多样性。向下延伸到四川省及其西部地区。我们将继续对包括近东和中东、欧洲、北美和南美洲在内的西部地区进行调查，以研究目前世界范围内麻黄属植物的资源和分布。较少

We conducted collaborative field surveys with researches in respective countries in the following regions, and collected approximately 370 specimens from 139 independent communities; In 2005, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, Sichuan Provinces, China, and the environs of Ulan Bator and the south-west part of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. In 2006, Hebei, Gansu, Xinjiang Provinces, China, and the Buryat Republic and the Maritime Region, Russia. In 2007, Beijing and Yunnan, Sichuan, Hebei Provinces, and the Mongolian border region of Inner Mongolia, China.By analysis of morphology and DNA of the specimens, we could identify them except 2 specimens as Ephedra sinica, E. dahulica, E. intermedia, E. equisetina, E. likiangensis, E. monosperma, E. przewarskii, E. minuta, E. gerardiana. We concluded that E. sinica and E. dahulica were the same species, since they had similar morphology and identical DNA sequences. On the other hand, we found that European E. distachya, which some researches … More have been thought the same species as Ephedra sinica and E. dahulica, was significantly varied from them. By germination tests, E. sinica was found halotorerant, similar to seaside plants. Furthermore, E. sinica grown in arid land had relatively higher ephedrine alkaloid contents than those in wetland. We could find some anatomical key differences between E. sinica and E. intermedia, while the other anatomical properties varied significantly by region. We observed E. likiangensis actually grown in Mao-zhou, Sichuan, where recent distribution of it was not reported but it had been written as a producing area of high quality Ma-huang in classic herbals of the Ming Dynasty.Our investigation suggests that diversification of Ephedra plant was noticeable in the regions from the Altai Mountains. down to Sichuan Province and the regions of their western side. We will continue the survey to the western regions including the Near and Middle East, Europe, and the North and South America to research the current resource and distribution of Ephedra plants worldwide. Less