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A study of reproductive ecology of Lake Tanganyikan cichlid fishes as the model systems of cooperative breeding in vertebrates

坦噶尼喀湖慈鲷鱼类繁殖生态学研究作为脊椎动物合作繁殖的模型系统

基本信息

批准号：
17405010
负责人：
KOHDA Masanori
金额：
$ 9.27万
依托单位：
Osaka City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the last year, Drs. S. Awata, K Ota and S Morita conducted field observations. In this year, the cooperative breeding cichlid fish, Julidochromis ornatus is mainly studied. As the studies during the three years, it will be newly confirmed that (1) within a population this fish has most varieties of mating systems, e. g., monogamy, polygyny, classical polyandry, cooperartive polyandry, and polygynandry. This variety will be most in vertebrates, and has been reported from the acorn woodpecker. (2) These variations will be induced by the largest females that can dominate over males. Thus, these females physically control or manipulate males. Thus, not only the sperm competition and a variation of social mating systems, this fish will be good subject animals for the study of female control of paternity, deception, intra- and inter-sexual confficts, reciprocal altruism and mutualism, all being the interesting themes for future research in behavioral ecology. Thus, we are going to make ex … More perimental studied in laboratory using this species during the future 5-10 years.Another cooperative breeding cichlids Chalinochromis brichardi has been studied also in this year. This fish was studied for ca,. 10 years. The mating systems of this fish consist of monogamy, cooperative polyandry and polygynandry. This variation in mating system is smaller than that of J. ornatus partly because that female size was smaller than large alpha males. Thus socially most dominant individuals were males. Thus, dominant order resemble that of the bird dunnock, in which most dominant individuals are alpha males and the cichlid breeding systems also resemble that of the dunnock where cooperative polyandry, monogamy, polygynandry are predominant. Thus, it will be shown that in cichlid fishes of cooperative breeding degree of variations in mating systems are different between species.In Telmatochrmis vittatus, it has been observed that this study population consisted of multiple male reproductively parasitic male-mating tactics: sneaking tactics, satellite-male tactics and pirate male tactics. We hypothesized that sneaker males can evolve to beta males, if they become to conduct paternal care after fertilization, and pirate males can be alpha males, if they target monogamous breeding pair (where pair males to be beta males with parental care). DNA phylogeny analyses may suggest that the genera Telmatochromis, Julidochromis and Chalinochromis will be closely related (but some reports do not support this). If this will be the case, we may say that the alternative male reproductive tactics will have the same root in their origin species. Additionally speaking, the alternative male reproductive tactics in species of these three genera are not genetically determined but changeable according to their growth. Less

在过去的一年里，dr。S. Awata、K . Ota和S. Morita进行了实地观察。本年度主要研究了合作养殖丽鱼（Julidochromis ornatus）。通过三年的研究，将进一步证实：(1)在一个种群内存在着多种交配制度，如一夫一妻制、一夫多妻制、古典一妻多夫制、合作一妻多夫制和一夫多妻制。这一品种将在脊椎动物中最多，并已报道从橡子啄木鸟。(2)这些变异将由最大的雌虫引起，雌虫可以支配雄虫。因此，这些雌性在身体上控制或操纵雄性。因此，不仅是精子竞争和社会交配系统的变化，这种鱼将是研究雌性控制父权，欺骗，性内和性间冲突，互惠利他主义和互惠主义的良好实验动物，所有这些都是未来行为生态学研究的有趣主题。因此，在未来的5-10年里，我们将利用该物种在实验室进行更多的实验研究。本年度还研究了另一种合作育种慈鲷——布氏盘虾（Chalinochromis brichardi）。这种鱼被研究了大约100年。10年。这种鱼的交配系统包括一夫一妻制、合作多夫制和一夫多妻制。这种交配系统的变化比J. ornatus小，部分原因是雌性的体型比大的雄性首领小。因此，社会上最占优势的个体是男性。因此，优势秩序类似于dunnock鸟，其中大多数优势个体是雄性首领，而慈鲷的繁殖系统也类似于dunnock鸟，其中合作多夫制，一夫一妻制，一夫多妻制占主导地位。因此，这将表明在合作繁殖的慈鲷中，交配制度的变化程度在物种之间是不同的。在vittatus中，观察到该研究种群由多个雄性生殖寄生雄性交配策略组成：潜行策略、卫星雄性策略和海盗雄性策略。我们假设，如果运动鞋雄性在受精后开始承担父亲的照顾，它们可以进化成贝塔雄性，而海盗雄性则可以成为阿尔法雄性，如果它们以一夫一妻制的繁殖伴侣为目标（在父母的照顾下，一对雄性成为贝塔雄性）。DNA系统发育分析可能表明，Telmatochromis， Julidochromis和Chalinochromis属将密切相关（但一些报道不支持这一点）。如果是这样的话，我们可以说，雄性生殖策略的另一种选择在它们的起源物种中也有同样的根源。此外，这三属物种的替代性雄性生殖策略不是由遗传决定的，而是根据它们的生长变化而变化的。少