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The medical and scientific analysis for improving performance of elite swimmers ; A longitudinal study

提高优秀游泳运动员成绩的医学和科学分析；

基本信息

批准号：
17500436
负责人：
TANAKA Takao
金额：
$ 2.39万
依托单位：
National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A longitudinal study used elite swimmers was performed 1) to clarify the determinants of swimming performance in each distance event based on the physiological and biomechanical analysis, 2) to examine the relationship between the changes in measured variables and the changes in performance, and 3) to determine the propelling efficiency which can evaluate stroke technique objectively.The subjects were fifteen elite Japanese female swimmers (age : 21±1 yrs) who belonged to an inter-college champion team, including the participants to Olympic, Asian Games, Universiade, and so on. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max), maximal blood lactate concentration (LAmax), and swimming speed at onset of blood lactate accumulation (V@OBLA) were measured as indices of physiological capacity. Also a drag coefficient, a drag exponent, drag-swimming speed relationship and maximal propulsive power (MPP), propelling efficiency (ep) were determined as indices of biomechanical characteristics. All biomechanical a … More nalysis were completed with a modified MAD system which is similar to that described by Toussaint.When swimming performance was related to all measured variables, significant correlations were observed between sprint performance and MPP, LAmax and a better physique, and between distance performance and V@OBLA and specific stroke technique to reduce drag, while no significant relationship was found on VO_2max. Also, when changes in swimming performance was related to changes in measured variables, only the reduction of drag in maximal swimming was significantly related to the improvement of swimming performance. This finding suggests that the development of swimming performance in elite swimmer would be strongly attributed to the improving stroke technique. Furthermore, ep of the subjects used in this study was 73.2±8.3%, which was rather higher than those reported in the previous studies. In conclusion, it revealed that superior stroke technique to reduce drag and with a higher ep should be considered more significant determinants of better performance in elite swimmers. Less

通过对优秀游泳运动员进行纵向研究，从生理和生物力学的角度分析各距离项目游泳成绩的决定因素，考察测量变量变化与成绩变化之间的关系，确定能够客观评价泳姿技术的推进效率。研究对象为15名日本优秀女子游泳运动员（年龄21±1岁），均为校际冠军队伍，包括奥运会、亚运会、大运会等比赛的参赛选手。测定最大摄氧量（VO_2max）、最大血乳酸浓度（LAmax）和血乳酸积累开始时游泳速度（V@OBLA）作为生理能力指标。以阻力系数、阻力指数、阻力-游动速度关系、最大推进功率（MPP）、推进效率（ep）作为生物力学特征指标。更多的分析是用类似于Toussaint描述的改良的MAD系统完成的。当游泳成绩与所有测量变量相关时，短跑成绩与MPP、LAmax和更好的体格之间存在显著相关性，距离成绩与V@OBLA和减少阻力的特定划水技术之间存在显著相关性，而VO_2max与游泳成绩之间没有显著相关性。此外，当游泳成绩的变化与测量变量的变化相关时，只有最大游泳阻力的减少与游泳成绩的提高显著相关。这一发现表明，优秀游泳运动员游泳成绩的提高与游泳技术的提高密切相关。此外，本研究受试者的ep为73.2±8.3%，高于以往研究报道的ep值。总之，它揭示了卓越的划水技术，以减少阻力和更高的ep应该被认为是优秀游泳运动员更好的表现的更重要的决定因素。少