A Comparative Study of the Administrative Remedy System and the reform in East Asia

日本在2005年4月修改了《行政诉讼法》，并计划在2008年将《行政上诉法》修正案提上国会议事日程。本研究旨在通过与东亚地区（韩国和台湾）行政救济法的比较，为日本行政救济法的改革建立一个理想的模式。我们对日本制度的研究主要集中在日本地方当局（我们称之为“地方政府”）的实践上。本报告的目的是首先澄清和审查“行政救济法”的概念。此外，我们试图确定日本地方政府的司法权范围，并规划日本地方政府行政替代性争议解决机制（AADR In local government）。在我们的研究中发现，无论是行政诉讼制度还是行政申诉制度都没有被单独考察，有必要设计一个包括行政索赔调整在内的综合性制度。为了在地方政府中建立ADR，我们试图设计一个全方位的行政申诉审查机构。本报告还以日本地方政府的行政实践为背景，对定于2008年实施的《日本行政上诉法》改革的意义和涉及的问题进行了探讨。根据上述分析，我们概述了韩国和台湾的比较研究。首先，我们来看看台湾《行政申诉法》的实践。其次，我们考察了韩国釜山市的法务管理体制。最后，通过与东亚国家的比较，对日本《行政申诉法》改革的理想路径有了新的认识，并提出了日本地方政府法律事务管理的理想模式。

In Japan, the Administrative Litigation Law was reformed in April 2005, and the amendment of the Administrative Appeal Law is scheduled to be put on the agenda of the Diet in 2008.This is a research study which aims to establish an ideal model for the reformation of these laws in Japan by comparing it with the Administrative Remedy Law in East Asia (Korea and Taiwan). Our study of the Japanese system focuses primarily on the practices of the Japanese local authority (we term the "local government").The objective of this report is to first clarify and review the concept of the 'Administrative Remedy Law". In addition, we try to determine the extent of judicial power in Japanese local government and plan a system for Administrative Alternative Dispute Resolution in Japanese local government (AADR in local government).During our research, it was revealed that neither the Administrative Litigation System nor the Administrative Appeal System was individually examined, and that the design of an all-encompassing system including the adjustment of claims in the administration is necessary. In order to establish ADR in local government, we attempt to design an all-inclusive organization which examines the process of administrative appeal. In the report, we also review the meaning and the issues involved in the reform of the Japanese Administrative Appeal Act scheduled in 2008 within the context of administrative practices in Japanese local government.Following the above analyses, we outline comparative research on Korea and Taiwan. First, we look at the practice of Taiwan's Administrative Appeal Act. Second, we examine the management system of legal affairs in the Busan Metropolitan Government, Korea. Finally, from the comparison with these East Asian nations, we gain new insights into the ideal way to reform the Administrative Appeal Act in Japan and propose an ideal model for managing legal affairs in the local government in Japan.