A Comparative Study of the Administrative Remedy System and the reform in East Asia

日本于2005年4月对《行政诉讼法》进行了改革，2008年将对《行政上诉法》进行修改。本研究旨在通过与东亚地区（韩国和台湾）的《行政救济法》进行比较，为日本的行政诉讼法改革提供一个理想的模式。本报告的目的是首先对“行政救济法”的概念进行澄清和回顾。此外，本文还试图确定日本地方政府的司法权范围，并对日本地方政府的行政替代性纠纷解决机制进行设计在研究过程中，我们发现，行政诉讼制度和行政上诉制度都没有被单独考察，并认为有必要设计一个包括行政索赔理算在内的全方位制度。为了在地方政府中建立ADR，我们试图设计一个包容性的组织来审查行政上诉的过程。本报告还以日本地方政府的行政实践为背景，回顾了2008年《行政上诉法》改革的意义和课题，并在此基础上，对韩国和台湾进行了比较研究。首先，我们来看看台湾行政上诉法的实践。其次，我们考察了韩国釜山市政府的法律的事务管理体制。最后，通过与东亚各国的比较，对日本行政申诉法的改革提出了新的见解，并提出了日本地方政府法律的事务管理的理想模式。

In Japan, the Administrative Litigation Law was reformed in April 2005, and the amendment of the Administrative Appeal Law is scheduled to be put on the agenda of the Diet in 2008.This is a research study which aims to establish an ideal model for the reformation of these laws in Japan by comparing it with the Administrative Remedy Law in East Asia (Korea and Taiwan). Our study of the Japanese system focuses primarily on the practices of the Japanese local authority (we term the "local government").The objective of this report is to first clarify and review the concept of the 'Administrative Remedy Law". In addition, we try to determine the extent of judicial power in Japanese local government and plan a system for Administrative Alternative Dispute Resolution in Japanese local government (AADR in local government).During our research, it was revealed that neither the Administrative Litigation System nor the Administrative Appeal System was individually examined, and that the design of an all-encompassing system including the adjustment of claims in the administration is necessary. In order to establish ADR in local government, we attempt to design an all-inclusive organization which examines the process of administrative appeal. In the report, we also review the meaning and the issues involved in the reform of the Japanese Administrative Appeal Act scheduled in 2008 within the context of administrative practices in Japanese local government.Following the above analyses, we outline comparative research on Korea and Taiwan. First, we look at the practice of Taiwan's Administrative Appeal Act. Second, we examine the management system of legal affairs in the Busan Metropolitan Government, Korea. Finally, from the comparison with these East Asian nations, we gain new insights into the ideal way to reform the Administrative Appeal Act in Japan and propose an ideal model for managing legal affairs in the local government in Japan.