A Study on the Possibility of the Theory of Others in Heidegger's Philosophy and the Application of his Philosophy to Nursing Theory

本研究的目的是将海德格尔的哲学解释为他人的理论，并将其哲学应用于护理理论，重点关注一个名为Sorge的术语。因为在因总是关心某物或某个人，所以在因的原始结构是“Sorge”。Sorge在英语中通常译为care。因此，海德格尔的哲学可以从关怀理论的角度来解释。但是海德格尔并没有追问关心应该是什么。Sorge是一个本体论概念，它描述了此在的存在方式，使他的行为成为可能。如果我们试图在海德格尔的哲学基础上发展护理理论，我们需要澄清他是如何看待他人的存在的，因为护理是一种与他人的互动。海德格尔提出了真实的自我。但是海德格尔并不打算在此成为个体化的自我。真实自我的提出也是为了在他人之间建立一种真实的关系。对海德格尔来说，其他人和我一样出现在同一个世界里。此在本质上是与他人在一起的本原存在。因此，Dasein不仅可以建立各种人际关系和社会，还可以关心他人。在海德格尔的哲学中，关心他人的关键是一个叫做“关怀”的术语。的确，关心并不是一个评价性的词，它描述的是本我应该如何关心他人。关怀是一个本体论的概念，它表征了本在始终关心他人的一种存在方式。但是，当我们考虑支持病人生活方式的护理应该是什么时，海德格尔的分析将支持和控制放在关怀的极端上是非常有用的。

The purpose of this research, focusing on a term called Sorge, is to interpret Heidegger's philosophy as the theory of others, and is to apply his philosophy to nursing theory. As Dasein always cares about something or someone, the primordial structure of Dasein is Sorge. Sorge is usually translated as care in English. Therefore the philosophy of Heidegger may be interpreted from a viewpoint of the theory of care. But Heidegger does not inquire what care should be. Sorge is an ontological concept which describes a manner of being of Dasein which makes possible his acts. Sorge includes all ontological characteristics of Dasein, such as Being towards death, thrownness, etc.If we try to develop a nursing theory based on Heidegger's philosophy, we need to clarify how he thinks a being of others, for nursing care is an interaction with others. Heidegger proposes the authentic self. But Heidegger does not intend that Dasein becomes an individualized self. The authentic self is also proposed in order to build an authentic relation among others. For Heidegger, others appear in the same world as me. Dasein is essentially and primordially Being with others. Therefore Dasein can not only build various human relations and society, but also care for others. The key to caring for others is a term called solicitude (Fursorge) in Heidegger's philosophy. It is true that solicitude is not an evaluative word which describes how Dasein should care for others. Solicitude is an ontological concept which characterizes a manner of being of Dasein which always cares for others. But when we consider what nursing care which supports a way of life of a patient should be, Heidegger's analysis which sets support and control on the extremes of solicitude is very useful.