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Between Consensus and Veto : Studies on the History of Parliamentary System in Early Modern Poland

共识与否决之间:近代波兰议会制度史研究

基本信息

批准号：
17520495
负责人：
KOYAMA Satoshi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17520495/
关键词：
Western history early modern history parliament Poland political culture nobles repulic szlachta

项目摘要

Early modern Poland-Lithuania is often called as a "Republic of Nobles", because the noble estates elected kings and wielded their power through the parliamentary system, which was consisted of the Diet (sejm) and the local assemblies (sejmiki). Polish "noble democracy" was based on these parliamentary institutions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in which the nobles attached great importance to the principle of unanimity. Through the sixteenth century Polish parliament functioned relatively well, whereas since the middle of the seventeenth century the parliamentary system, especially the sejm, had been paralyzed because of the "free veto" (liberum veto). In his classical studies on the liberum veto (1918), W1. Konopczynski regarded it as a cause of decline of Polish-Lithuanian state in the eighteenth century. His interpretation has been accepted by many historians until today. However recently some historians regard the "Republic of Nobles" as a "civic society", and shed new light on the early modern Polish parliamentary system.In this research project we attempted to survey the new tendencies of historical research on the parliamentary system and the political culture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Recent historical studies of political culture are based on concrete studies on the Polish-Lithuanian parliamentary system. Now they have begun to publish new syntheses on representative system in Poland-Lithuania. They include new interpretations and suggestions on the relationship between the central institutions and the local society or the role of the royal authority in the mixed monarchy. The liberum veto is also interpreted as an ultimate institution which could guarantee rights the minority.Results of our research were published in academic journals. In the final report of the project we also added a list of Diets which were summoned in Poland-Lithuania from the end of the fifteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century.

现代早期的波兰-立陶宛常被称为“贵族共和国”，因为贵族阶层通过议会(Sejm)和地方议会(Sejmiki)组成的议会制选举国王并行使权力。波兰的“贵族民主”是建立在波兰-立陶宛联邦的这些议会制度基础上的，在这些议会制度中，贵族们非常重视一致原则。在整个16世纪，波兰议会运作得相对较好，而自17世纪中叶以来，议会制度，特别是Sejm，由于“自由否决权”(Liberum Veto)而陷入瘫痪。在他对自由否决权(1918年)的经典研究中，W1。科诺普钦斯基认为这是18世纪波兰-立陶宛国家衰落的一个原因。他的解释一直被许多历史学家接受，直到今天。然而，最近一些历史学家将“贵族共和国”视为“公民社会”，并对波兰早期的现代议会制度有了新的认识。本研究试图考察波兰-立陶宛联邦议会制度和政治文化的历史研究的新趋势。最近对政治文化的历史研究是基于对波兰-立陶宛议会制的具体研究。现在，他们已经开始发表关于波兰-立陶宛代议制的新综述。它们包括对中央机构与地方社会的关系或王权在混合君主制中的作用的新的解释和建议。自由否决权也被解释为可以保障少数人权利的终极制度。我们的研究结果发表在学术期刊上。在该项目的最后报告中，我们还增加了从十五世纪末到十八世纪末在波兰-立陶宛召集的饮食清单。