The primary study on landscape reconstruction and the position of the subsistence in the society from the Yayoi period to Medieval times

弥生时代至中世纪景观重建及生存地位初探

• 批准号: 17520519
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Etsuyo
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17520519/
• 关键词: landscape reconstruction; a spatial structure; settlement areas; Paddies; farming; a social structure; the Yayoi period; The Heian period; 岡山平野; 集落立地; 中世; 地域; 土壌分析; 考古学; 生業; 社会

This study aims to elucidate the attributes of an association between the subsistence (farming) and society from the Yayoi period to Medieval period on the Okayama Plains, having geographical unity.Reconstructing the landscape, we applied geo-historic materials as well as archaeological resources and plant remains, to the method. The landscape in each period has been reconstructed with considering the transition of the pattern of land use, in particular land for settlements and farming, and with considering the geographical features in which the settlements and paddies were located. Seeking the characteristics of the landscape in each period has been intended by the reconstruction.In the early stage of the Yayoi period small settlements lay on a few habitable areas available. From the middle to the late stage, the number of settlement rose that alluvial plains were formed. It is identified that the improvement of agricultural technology and the expansion of arable areas enabled to yield higher productivity and to maintain the population growth during the Yayoi period. Differences in settlement pattern between two areas on the plains can be identified by the reconstructed landscape. The environmental constrains might have caused the differences in the pattern. The differences in the settlement pattern are recognized to influence the social structure, which is significant to study the background of raising regional distinctions from the late stage of the Yayoi to the Kofun period.We explored from archaeological resources and geo-historic materials that the landscape from the Heian period to Medieval times were formed by Zyori-sei, land rezoning system, which led to the landscape in the modern age. The landscape in this period indicates that the land use pattern was ruled by the social management system whereas the land use in the Yayoi period was influenced by topology.

本研究旨在阐明冈山平原弥生时期至中世纪的生存(耕作)与社会关联的属性，具有地理上的统一性。考虑到土地利用模式的转变，特别是居民点和农田用地的转变，并考虑到居民点和稻田所在的地理特征，重建了每个时期的景观。寻求每个时期的景观特征一直是重建的目的。在弥生时代早期，小聚落躺在少数可居住的区域上。从中期到晚期，聚落数量上升，形成冲积平原。据认为，农业技术的改进和耕地面积的扩大使生产力得以提高，并在弥合时期保持了人口增长。通过重建的景观可以识别平原上两个地区之间聚落模式的差异。环境的限制可能导致了模式上的差异。认识到聚落格局的差异对社会结构的影响，对研究弥合后期至高芬时期地域差异提高的背景具有重要意义。我们从考古资源和地史资料中探索出平安时期至中世纪的景观是由Zyori-sei土地重新区划制度形成的，从而导致了近代景观的形成。这一时期的景观表明，土地利用模式受社会管理制度的支配，而弥生时期的土地利用则受到地形的影响。