A Research of Clinical Sociology on the Narrative of Dying People and Spirituality

几乎所有赋予生与死意义的传统共同体都在现代社会中崩溃了。很多人必须在医院里孤独地死去，在自己的死亡面前有精神上的痛苦。临终关怀已成为医疗护理的重要专业领域之一。它把死亡过程看作是一种心理过程，并通过叙事-倾听交流来控制死亡过程。精神关怀是临终关怀的重要组成部分。然而，几乎所有的精神关怀理论和实践都只将精神痛苦视为一种多样性，因此，它对临终者的支持是肤浅的。本研究提出以下几点，以克服灵性关怀的困难。它明确了精神痛苦的结构、死亡与精神性的本质关系、精神性在社会关系中的作用以及精神性作用所发现的意义的维度。存在的精神关怀支持了对自我实现等积极的生命意义的追求，而忽视了那些因身体崩溃而无法独立行动的人的生命意义。对临终者叙事的分析发现了意义的另一个维度，即被动意义。灵性在死亡面前开始发挥作用，并改变垂死之人的目光。他们可以发现他人共存的基本事实，他们没有意识到这一点，因为它在日常世界中是基本的不言自明的。对他人共存这一基本事实的认识，使那些不能独立行动的垂死之人对自己的生命有了被动的意义。

Almost all traditional Communities, which gave meanings of life and death, collapsed in modern societies. Many people must die alone in hospitals and have spiritual pain in front of their own death. Terminal care became one of the important special fields of medical care. It made out the dying process as psychological one and used the narrative-listening communication to control the process. Spiritual care is an essential element of the terminal care. However, it has superficial support of dying people because almost all theories and practices of the spiritual care regard the spiritual pain only as diverse. This research made dear the following points to conquer those difficulties of the spiritual care. It made clear the structure of the spiritual pain, the essential relations between dying and spirituality, the functioning of spirituality in social relations, and the dimensions of the meanings which was found by the functioning of spirituality. The existent spiritual care supports the pursuing the active meaning of life such as self-realization and neglects the meaning of life of those who cannot act independently because of collapse of body. The analysis of the narratives of dying people found another dimension of meaning, passive meaning. Spirituality starts functioning in front of death and changes the gaze of the dying people. They can find out the principle fact of co-existence of others, of which they are not aware because of its fundamental self-evidence in everyday world. Awareness of the principle fact of co-existence of others gives any dying people who cannot act independently passive meaning of their life.