Reconstruction of Community Farming System with Partnership of Various Entities in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

本研究的重点是日本丘陵山区社区农业和农村资源保护系统的重建路径。在研究中，我试图分析以下内容：首先，如何将日本对丘陵山区农民的直接支付运作到最大效果；其次，如何在这些地区构建合适的地方政府、农民、各种非营利组织和地方农业合作社之间的伙伴关系制度，以取代准公共产品供应垄断的新农村经营；第三，社会企业在这些地区的可能性和前景。第四，考察欧盟优惠领域政策措施对日本政策制定的启示。关于第一个和第二个问题，我调查了主要在新泻、富山和岐阜县设立的地方当局的公共农业公司的实际情况，而第三个问题是在京都的宫山镇。针对第四个问题，选取威尔士和苏格兰地区LEADER项目的实际情况进行实地调研。这些结果得出结论：新型农村经营主体；在日本农村地区，特别是人口减少严重的丘陵和山区，应该建立由多部门组成的地方行动小组，如LEADER计划中的地方行动小组。

This study focuses on the path to reconstruction of community farming and rural resources conservation systems in hilly and mountainous areas in Japan. In the study I tried to analyze the following : firstly how to operate Japan's direct payment to farmers in hilly and mountainous areas' to achieve maximum results, secondly how to construct proper partnership system among local governments, farmers, various non-profit organizations and local agricultural cooperatives in such areas for new rural management replacing monopoly of supplying quasi-public goods, thirdly possibility and perspective of social enterprises in such areas, fourthly examining implication off EU Less-Favored Areas policy measures for Japan's policy making. As for first and second issues I investigated into the actual conditions of public farming corporations established mainly local authorities in Niigata, Toyama and Gifu prefectures and as for third Miyama Town in Kyoto was selected. As for forth issue, the practical conditions of LEADER program in Wels and Scotland were selected as the field research. These results led to the conclusion that new rural management entities ; like Local Action Groups in LEADER program, composed of multi-sectors should be constructed in Japan's rural areas especially hilly and mountainous areas which are suffering badly from depopulation.