Reconstruction of Community Farming System with Partnership of Various Entities in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

本研究主要探讨日本丘陵山区社区农耕与农村资源保护体系重建的路径。在研究中，笔者试图从以下几个方面进行分析：一是如何运作日本对丘陵山区农民的直接支付，以最大限度地发挥其效用；二是如何在山区地方政府、农民、各种非营利组织和地方农业合作社之间构建合适的伙伴关系体系，以取代准公共产品的垄断提供新农村经营；三是社会企业在这些地区的可能性和前景；四是考察欧盟政策措施对日本政策制定的启示。至于第一和第二个问题，我调查了主要在新泻、富山和岐阜县建立的公共农业公司的实际情况，至于第三个问题，我选择了京都的宫山镇。对于第四个问题，选择了WELS和苏格兰的LEADER计划的实际情况作为实地考察。这些结果得出结论，在日本农村地区，特别是人口减少严重的丘陵山区，应该建立新的农村管理实体，如领袖计划中的地方行动小组，由多个部门组成。

This study focuses on the path to reconstruction of community farming and rural resources conservation systems in hilly and mountainous areas in Japan. In the study I tried to analyze the following : firstly how to operate Japan's direct payment to farmers in hilly and mountainous areas' to achieve maximum results, secondly how to construct proper partnership system among local governments, farmers, various non-profit organizations and local agricultural cooperatives in such areas for new rural management replacing monopoly of supplying quasi-public goods, thirdly possibility and perspective of social enterprises in such areas, fourthly examining implication off EU Less-Favored Areas policy measures for Japan's policy making. As for first and second issues I investigated into the actual conditions of public farming corporations established mainly local authorities in Niigata, Toyama and Gifu prefectures and as for third Miyama Town in Kyoto was selected. As for forth issue, the practical conditions of LEADER program in Wels and Scotland were selected as the field research. These results led to the conclusion that new rural management entities ; like Local Action Groups in LEADER program, composed of multi-sectors should be constructed in Japan's rural areas especially hilly and mountainous areas which are suffering badly from depopulation.