Towards a better structured framework for the coaching of throwing ability:From awareness to bodily sensation to execution and the evaluation of results

本研究以小学三年级男女被试为研究对象。目的是研究投掷动作中肌肉、肌肉群和关节的可分离的、可识别的、运动体验的方面，以改进学习投掷动作的训练。受试者被分为两个等大小的小组，每个小组接受为期10天的标准训练、指导和练习。然而，在训练期的前半段，A组接受了标准训练，同时还接受了使用橡皮筋的额外治疗。这个带子在投掷动作的执行过程中提供动觉反馈。在最初的5天时间里，B组只接受了同样的培训。在第二个5天期间，两组都接受了相同的标准训练、指导和练习。通过使用Heavy-d…获得用于训练目的的感觉反馈更多漂亮的橡胶运动带。在后仰和投掷动作中，这条带子被用来建立整个手臂和胸部通过肩关节连接在一起的膨胀感。为了给未来的教学方法提供信息，训练结果的数据是通过向受试者发放主观问卷获得的，并对记录的投掷动作进行视觉分析。还记录了投掷距离。这一数据得出了三个具有启发性的结论：1.使用这种额外的运动反馈机制(重橡皮筋)最显著的效果是A组在总周期的前半段收到了额外的反馈，在投掷距离方面表现出了显著的差异。在A组的男性队列(少年男孩)中，反馈机制的使用被认为可以提高他们的距离和初始投掷速度，因为它导致了下背部和肩部角度的增加，从而导致在前移和释放之前最大后退的关键时间点上更低的背部速度。在A组的女性队列(少女)的情况下，结果总体上与该组的男性队列相同。较少

This study used male and female subjects in the third grade of primary school. The objective was to investigate the isolatable, identifiable, kinesthetically experienced aspects of the muscles, muscle groups, and joints involved in the throwing motion so as to improve coaching for the learning of the throwing motion.The total group of subjects were divided into two equal-sized sub-groups and each sub-group underwent the standard training, instruction and practice period of 10 days. However, in the first half of the training period, Group A was given the standard training along with the additional treatment of the use of a rubber exercise band. This band provided kinesthetic feedback during execution of the throwing action. During the initial 5-day period, Group B received only the same training. During the second 5-day period, both groups received the same standard training, instruction and practice.Sensory feedback for the purposes of training was obtained through the use of a heavy-d … More uty rubber exercise band. This band was used to establish the puffing' feeling that concatenates the entire arm with the chest through the shoulder joint during the action of cocking back and throwing. In order to inform future instructional methods, data on the results of the training were obtained through subjective questionnaires administered to the subjects afterward and the use of visual analysis of recorded throwing motions.Throwing distances were also recorded. This data leads to three illuminating conclusions: 1. The most remarkable effect with the use of this additional kinesthetic feedback mechanism (heavy rubber exercise band) was the significant difference in the improvement of the throwing distance that Group A showed because it received the additional feedback during the first half of the total period.2. In the case of the male cohort (juvenile boys) of Group A, it is thought the use of the feedback mechanism allowed them to improve in distance and in the initial throwing speed because it led to an increase in the lower back and shoulder angle, which then resulted in greater lower back speed at the crucial point in time of the maximum pull-back' before forward motion and release.3. In the case of the female cohort (juvenile girls) of Group A, the results were overall the same as for the male cohort of this group. Less