Navigation and Nationalism in Shakespearean Plays

这个为期两年的项目证明了Circe形象在连接导航和民族主义主题方面发挥了重要作用。2006年的研究重点是《出错喜剧》。在这里，这位经典女巫的形象与圣经中以弗所作为异教巫师的形象混合在一起。这三个以弗所女人--阿德里亚娜、露西安娜和厨房女佣露丝(内尔)--都有着传统上属于切尔西岛女巫的特征。后两位女性尤其威胁到锡拉库塞的安提福勒斯和卓米奥的民族身份。2007年，我主要从事《伯里克利》的创作。我特别研究了切尔西岛女巫和玛丽娜之间的关系，玛丽娜被海盗从塔尔苏斯绑架，并被卖给了密提林的一家妓院。她对贞洁的顽固坚持显然让她成为了一个与性行为活跃的Circe和她的后代截然不同的女人。然而，Circean女巫往往会阉割她们通过过度性行为吸引的男性。玛丽娜可以在这方面与西尔斯联系在一起，因为她剥夺了潜在顾客的性欲，尽管她用言语净化了他们。西尔斯和她的后代在不同的意义上威胁到了受害者的身份。他们的民族身份和男性性取向都受到了威胁，在这个意义上，我研究的两部戏剧中戏剧化的切尔西人威胁与早期现代英格兰有关。在描述意大利和爱尔兰对英国人的危险吸引力时，罗杰·阿斯卡姆的《校长》和拉斐尔·霍林舍德的《编年史》分别将意大利和爱尔兰比作切尔西。因此，《错误与伯里克利喜剧》中的赛尔西女巫将这些戏剧定位在早期现代英国身份认同的脆弱性的话语中。

This two-year project has proved that the Circe image plays an important role in linking the themes of navigation and nationalism in The Comedy of Errors and Pericles.The focus of the research in 2006 was on The Comedy of Errors Here the image of this classical sorceress is mixed with the biblical image of Ephesus as a place of pagan sorcery. The three Ephesian women-Adriana, Luciana, and Luce (Nell) the kitchen maid-all present features traditionally attached to Circean sorceresses. The latter two women particularly threaten the "national" identity of Antipholus and Dromio of Syracuse.In 2007 I worked mainly on Pericles. I especially examined the relationship between Circean sorceresses and Marina, who is abducted by pirates from Tarsus and is sold to a brothel in Mytilene. Her stubborn insistence on chastity apparently makes her a very different type of woman from sexually active Circe and her descendants. Circean enchantresses, however, often emasculates men they attract by their excessive sexuality. Marina can be associated with Circe in this aspect because she deprives her would-be customers of their sexual drive, though by purifying them with her speeches.Circe and her descendants threaten their victims' identity in various senses. Their national identities are under threat as well as male sexuality In this sense, the Circean threats dramatized in the two plays I examined are relevant to early modern England. Roger Ascham's The Schoolmaster and Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles compare Italy and Ireland to Circe respectively when describing these countries' dangerous attractions to Englishmen. The Circean sorceresses in The Comedy of Errors and Pericles thus locate these plays in the discourse of the fragility of the early modern English identity.