OKINAWAN THEATRE AS WORLD THEATRE : A STUDY OF THE REPRESENTATION OF ACTRESSES IN MAINLAND JAPAN AND OKINAWA

这项联合研究的目的是通过一位当地的冲绳学者和一位在京都的日本大陆学者的视角，重新审视冲绳戏剧作为世界戏剧的特征。在我们的研究中，我们扩大了“女演员”一词的范围，将艺术界的女性，或归类为艺人的艺人和表演者列为专业女演员。这将包括京都的Tayu或Geiko，以及冲绳的Juri，他们被归类为Yujo。这一术语的扩大是必要的，因为尽管直到20世纪初冲绳几乎没有正式的女演员被允许上台，但女性表演艺术在被称为筑地的特殊娱乐区获得了成功。该项目的亮点是2007年10月24日在冲绳举行的研讨会。我们邀请了冲绳代表性女演员北岛住子、冲绳全女剧团青年女演员水美、芥川奖获得者小林达弘，以及来自日本各地的研究人员，就全球范围内冲绳和日本大陆的女性代表问题进行了讨论。我们还采访了日本国内外的女演员、导演和研究人员，将她们的情况与冲绳进行比较。在宫古岛男性表演者中吟诵能歌的经历也是一个很好的机会，可以调查几乎全是男性的能和歌舞伎演员与日本大陆女艺人之间的联系，并重新思考冲绳“女演员”的含义。我们得出的结论是，筑地表演者“(Juri)是冲绳第一批”女演员“，是该地区濒临灭绝的神圣仪式和娱乐传统的合法继承者。

The aim of this joint-research was to reconsider the characteristics of Okinawan drama as that of the World Theatre through the eyes of both a local Okinawan scholar and a Mainland Japanese scholar based in Kyoto. In our research, we broadened the term "actresses" and included women of the arts, or the entertainers and performers categorized as Geino-sha as professional actresses. This will include Tayu or Geiko in Kyoto as well as the Juri in Okinawa, who are categorized as Yujo. Such broadening of the term was necessary, for though there were almost no "official" actresses allowed to be on stage in Okinawa till the beginning of the twentieth century, female performing art was succeeded in the special entertainment district called Tsuji.The highlight of the project was the symposium held in Okinawa on 24 October, 2007. We have invited Kitajima Sumiko, a representative actress of Okinawa, Higa Izumi, a young actress of the all-female Okinawan troupe, and the Akutagawa-prize winning writer Oshiro Tatsuhiro, as well as researchers from all over Japan to discuss on the female representations in Okinawa and Mainland Japan within a global context.We also interviewed female performers, directors, and researchers in and outside Japan to compare their cases with those of Okinawa. The experience of chanting Noh in Miyakojima Island among the male performers also was a good chance to investigate the link between the almost all-male Noh and Kabuki actors and the female entertainers in mainland Japan and reconsider the meaning of "actresses" in Okinawa. We came to the conclusion that the Tsuji performers" (Juri) were the first "actresses" in Okinawa and the rightful successors of the traditions of sacred rites and entertainment which are in the danger of extinction in the region.