Numerical analysis for restoring force characteristic of soil walls and soil walls upper than picture rail, and follow-up by field tests

本研究对日本土墙和土墙的有限元模型进行了研究。该方法需要水泥混凝土有限元、接触单元和梁单元的材料非线性单元。分析结果与实际试验结果对比表明，本文提出的有限元方法适用于日本土墙，用该方法可以计算出由土墙和高于图轨的土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性。土的材料试验和土墙的实际试验表明，土墙的恢复力特性可以由土料试验的平均强度计算出来。试验表明，试件的质量与土体的强度成反比。但仅凭土块的质量来预测土块的强度是不够的。

This study deals with the F. E. M. for Japanese soil walls and soil walls with upper than picture rail. This method needs the finite element of cement concrete, the contact element, and a material non-linear element for beam element The analysis results compared with actual test shows that the proposed F. E. M is a proper method for Japanese soil walls, and that the restoring force characteristic of the composite wall composed of both a soil wall and a soil wall with upper than picture rail is able to be calculated by this method.The material test of soil and actual test of soil wall shows that the restoring force characteristic of a soil wall can be calculated from the average strength of soil material test.The strength development of soil is tested during 6 months. This test shows that the mass of test piece is inverse proportional to the strength of soil. But it is not enough to predict the strength of soil piece from its mass.