Numerical analysis for restoring force characteristic of soil walls and soil walls upper than picture rail, and follow-up by field tests

本研究对F. E. M.适用于日式土墙和上墙比画栏杆高的土墙。该方法需要水泥混凝土有限元、接触单元和材料非线性单元作为梁单元。E. M是一种适用于日本土墙的方法，用该方法可以计算由挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性。土的材料试验和挡土墙的实际试验表明，挡土墙的恢复力特性可以由土材料试验的平均强度来计算，挡土墙的强度发展过程可以由挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性来计算。挡土墙的恢复力特性可以由挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性来计算。挡土墙的恢复力特性可以由挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性来计算，挡土墙的恢复力特性可以由挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性来计算。挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性可以由挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性来计算。挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性可以由挡土墙和挡土墙组成的复合墙的恢复力特性来计算在6个月内测试土壤。试验表明，试件质量与土的强度成反比。但仅从土体的质量来预测土体的强度是不够的。

This study deals with the F. E. M. for Japanese soil walls and soil walls with upper than picture rail. This method needs the finite element of cement concrete, the contact element, and a material non-linear element for beam element The analysis results compared with actual test shows that the proposed F. E. M is a proper method for Japanese soil walls, and that the restoring force characteristic of the composite wall composed of both a soil wall and a soil wall with upper than picture rail is able to be calculated by this method.The material test of soil and actual test of soil wall shows that the restoring force characteristic of a soil wall can be calculated from the average strength of soil material test.The strength development of soil is tested during 6 months. This test shows that the mass of test piece is inverse proportional to the strength of soil. But it is not enough to predict the strength of soil piece from its mass.