Studies on Diversity and Universality in Sperm Activation and Chemotaxis at Fertilization

从人卵泡液中提取的精子激活物质已得到部分纯化，但其化学结构尚不清楚。研究了精胶和锌离子在启动人类精子运动中的作用，并在国际科学期刊《人类生殖》上发表了研究结果。本研究尝试了精液激活肽的纯化和分子结构的鉴定。此外，与意大利科学家合作，Newt来源的精子激活肽也激活了火蜥蜴和原始蟾蜍的精子，这一有趣的结果是通过与意大利科学家的合作而获得的。免疫组织化学分析表明，蝾螈、火蜥蜴和蟾蜍的精子激活肽具有相似的免疫学特性。与美国科学家的合作表明，钙离子在蝾螈精子激活的细胞信号机制中发挥着重要作用。在海鞘类精子激活和趋化作用的种特异性方面，属间存在明显的种特异性。在此基础上，成功地对两种海鞘类植物--毛海鞘和海鞘进行了精子激活和吸引因子的纯化过程。对海参卵冻胶层中的精子激活物质进行了部分纯化，经鉴定为小肽类物质。对海星精子运动启动机制的生理分析清楚地表明，作为锌结合酶的碳酸酐酶通过控制CO_2/HCO_3来调节细胞内的pH来触发这一现象。最后，我们尝试使用精子运动分析软件Boh Boh来研究褐藻中精子激活和趋化的细胞信号轮廓。

Sperm activating substance derived from human follicular fluid was partially purified, but chemical structure of it is still obscure. The role of semenogelin and zinc ions for the initiation of human sperm motility was investigated and the obtained results were publishing in the international scientific journal "Human Reproduction". Purification and identification of molecular structure of sperm activating peptides were tried in newt. Furthermore, the interesting results that newt derived sperm activating peptide also activates sperm of salamander and primitive toad were obtained by collaboration work with Italian scientists. Immuno-histochemical analysis showed that the sperm activating peptides from newt, salamander and toad are similar immunological properties. Collaboration works with American scientists showed that calucium ions has an important role in the cell signaling mechanism for sperm activation in newt. In regards with species specificity in sperm activation and chemotaxis in ascidians, there was clear species specificity between genus. Furthermore, Purification processes of sperm activating and attracting factors were successfully proceeded in the two ascidian species, Phallusia mamillata and Ascidia sydneiensis. Sperm activating substance from jelly layer of sea cucumber eggs was partially purified, and it was identified that the substance will be small peptide. Physiological analyses on the-mechanism of the initiation of sperm motility in starfish have clearly shown that a zinc binding enzyme, carbonic anhydrase regulates intracellular pH by controlling C0_2/HCO_3 for triggering the phenomenon. We finally tried to investigate the outline of cell signaling for sperm activation and chemotaxis in brown algae using software for sperm motility analysis, Boh Boh.