Studies on Diversity and Universality in Sperm Activation and Chemotaxis at Fertilization

从人卵泡液中提取的精子激活物质已得到部分纯化，但其化学结构尚不清楚。研究了精液凝固蛋白和锌离子对启动人类精子活力的作用，所获得的结果发表在国际科学杂志《人类生殖》上。对蝾螈精子激活肽进行了纯化和分子结构鉴定。此外，与意大利科学家的合作工作获得了有趣的结果，即蝾螈来源的精子激活肽也激活了蝾螈和原始蟾蜍的精子。免疫组化分析表明蝾螈、蝾螈和蟾蜍精子激活肽具有相似的免疫学特性。与美国科学家的合作工作表明，钙离子在蝾螈精子激活的细胞信号机制中起着重要作用。海鞘精子激活和趋化性的种特异性在属间存在明显的种特异性。此外，还成功地对两种海鞘（Phallusia mamillata和Ascidia sydneiensis）的精子激活因子和吸引因子进行了纯化。从海参卵冻层中部分纯化出精子激活物质，经鉴定为小肽。对海星精子运动启动机制的生理分析表明，锌结合酶碳酸酐酶通过控制CO_2/HCO_3来调节细胞内pH值，从而触发精子运动。最后，我们试图调查的轮廓细胞信号的精子激活和趋化性在褐藻精子运动分析软件，Boh Boh。

Sperm activating substance derived from human follicular fluid was partially purified, but chemical structure of it is still obscure. The role of semenogelin and zinc ions for the initiation of human sperm motility was investigated and the obtained results were publishing in the international scientific journal "Human Reproduction". Purification and identification of molecular structure of sperm activating peptides were tried in newt. Furthermore, the interesting results that newt derived sperm activating peptide also activates sperm of salamander and primitive toad were obtained by collaboration work with Italian scientists. Immuno-histochemical analysis showed that the sperm activating peptides from newt, salamander and toad are similar immunological properties. Collaboration works with American scientists showed that calucium ions has an important role in the cell signaling mechanism for sperm activation in newt. In regards with species specificity in sperm activation and chemotaxis in ascidians, there was clear species specificity between genus. Furthermore, Purification processes of sperm activating and attracting factors were successfully proceeded in the two ascidian species, Phallusia mamillata and Ascidia sydneiensis. Sperm activating substance from jelly layer of sea cucumber eggs was partially purified, and it was identified that the substance will be small peptide. Physiological analyses on the-mechanism of the initiation of sperm motility in starfish have clearly shown that a zinc binding enzyme, carbonic anhydrase regulates intracellular pH by controlling C0_2/HCO_3 for triggering the phenomenon. We finally tried to investigate the outline of cell signaling for sperm activation and chemotaxis in brown algae using software for sperm motility analysis, Boh Boh.