Biodiversity of the basidiomycetous fungi and their ecological function in the mangrove forests of Japan

日本红树林担子菌的生物多样性及其生态功能

• 批准号: 18570088
• 负责人: MAEKAWA Nitaro
• 金额: $ 2.61万
• 依托单位: Tottori University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18570088/
• 关键词: Biodiversity; Fungi; mangroves; Basidiomycetes

During this project studying the biodiversity of the basidiomycetous fungi that habitat members of the mangrove trees, we collected their 90 specimens and 34 isolates from the mangrove forests of the islands of Okinawa, Ishigaki, Iriomote and Amami-oshima, located in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. In the macro- and micromorphological observation of the specimens, 47 species of 30 genera, including a new species of Asterostroma, were identified. Analysis of the basidiomycetous species identified in this study reveals that 71% of the total number of the species belongs to the corticioid fungi (Corticiaceae sensu lab)) and that Auricularia polytricha, Heterochaete delicata, Hyphodontia ovispora, Phlebia acanthocystis and Tremellochaete japonica appear to be common species in the Japanese mangroves. In the ribosomal DNA analysis of the isolates obtained from the decaying wood of mangroves, at least the other 7 species different from the above 47 species were recognized although their basidiomata did not observed in the field. Optimal temperature for the most basidiomycetous species obtained from mangroves was 27-30℃. In the test for salt tolerance, mycelia of Haloaleurodiscus mangroves, Phellinus mangrovicus and Xylobolus sp. were able to grow even though slowly on MEA containing higher concentrations of sea salts than those (32-35‰) of seawater, although their growth was inferior in the comparison of that on freshwater agar media. These cultural features lead us to conclude that the three species are salt tolerant, and also suggest that it is possible to produce the basidiomata on the substrate periodically covered by the tide during their development.

在这个研究红树林成员担子菌的生物多样性的项目中，我们从日本琉球群岛的冲绳岛、石垣岛、西表岛和奄美大岛的红树林中收集了 90 个标本和 34 个分离株。通过对标本的宏观和微观形态观察，鉴定出30属47种，其中包括Asterostroma新种。对本研究中鉴定出的担子菌种类的分析表明，该种类总数的 71% 属于皮质类真菌（Corticiaceae sensu lab）），而毛木耳、细毛异毛菌、Hyphodontia ovispora、Phlebia acanthocystis 和 Tremellochaete japonica 似乎是日本常见的种类 红树林。在对从红树林腐烂木材中获得的分离株进行核糖体DNA分析时，至少识别出了与上述47个物种不同的其他7个物种，尽管它们的担子目在野外没有观察到。从红树林中获得的大多数担子菌物种的最适温度为27-30℃。在耐盐性测试中，Haloaleurodiscus mangroves、Pellinus mangrovicus 和 Xylobolus sp. 的菌丝体。尽管与淡水琼脂培养基相比，它们的生长较差，但在海盐浓度高于海水（32-35‰）的 MEA 上，它们仍能缓慢生长。这些文化特征使我们得出结论，这三个物种是耐盐的，并且还表明在其发育过程中周期性被潮汐覆盖的基质上可能产生担子菌。