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An Analysis of the Cognitive Functions of Graphical Representations in Extended Semantic Approach

扩展语义方法中图形表示的认知功能分析

基本信息

批准号：
18500206
负责人：
SHIMOJIMA Atsushi
金额：
$ 1.45万
依托单位：
Doshisha University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research project was to make a contribution to the cognitive study of graphic representations from the standpoint of semantic analysis.One of the main consequences of semantic analysis conducted in this project is that many graphical representations have the so-called "free ride" property, namely, the property of automatically expressing a logical consequence of a set of information in the course of expressing that set of information. This property is predicted to have a strong influence on the process of inferences made with diagrams. In order to verify this prediction, we conducted two experiments in June 1997 and June 1998, measuring the eye-movements of humans who solved logical inference problems with diagrams.As the result, we obtained a strong evidence of the tendency for humans to use the free-ride property of diagrams even when they are not in position to physically manipulate the diagrams. The similar results were obtained when the semantic rules employed by the diagrams do not match the users' semantic preference, and when the premises of the inference cannot be uniquely expressed in the diagram due to its "specificity" property. This suggests that the use of free-ride properties of diagrams is quite a robust, and hence general process in human inference with diagrams.Thus, the prediction made by a semantic analysis of diagrams about human inference processes has been verified in psychological experiments. This seems to point to a new fertile research method in cognitive study of graphical representations.

本研究的目的是从语义分析的角度对图形表示的认知研究做出贡献。在本研究中进行的语义分析的主要结果之一是，许多图形表示具有所谓的“搭便车”属性，即，在表达一组信息的过程中自动表达该组信息的逻辑结果的特性。这个属性被预测有很强的影响力的过程中作出的推论与图表。为了验证这一预测，我们在1997年6月和1998年6月进行了两个实验，测量了使用图表解决逻辑推理问题的人的眼动，结果，我们获得了强有力的证据，表明人类倾向于使用图表的搭便车特性，即使他们没有在物理上操纵图表。当图所采用的语义规则与用户的语义偏好不匹配时，以及当推理的前提由于其“特殊性”而不能在图中唯一表达时，也得到了类似的结果。这表明，利用图的搭便车特性是一个相当稳健的过程，因此，在人类的推理过程中，图的搭便车特性是一个普遍的过程。因此，通过对图的语义分析所作的关于人类推理过程的预测在心理学实验中得到了验证。这为图形表征的认知研究提供了一种新的研究方法。