Development of a HIV prevention program matching the needs of young men and women

本研究的目的是评估一项教育计划对预防年轻男性和女性感染艾滋病毒的影响。本研究基于信息-动机-行为技能（IMB）模型。该教育项目旨在告知年轻人如何在性行为中正确使用避孕套。该项目包括两个为期两天的小组会议。每组由不到10名同性朋友组成。为了确定教育计划的有效性，采用了准实验设计。研究对象是年龄在20岁到20岁之间的自愿男女。测量了包括心理社会和行为因素在内的以下项目：人口统计数据；了解艾滋病毒/性传播疾病；对避孕和性交的态度；对怀孕和艾滋病毒/性病风险的认识；预测人们对建议使用避孕套的反应；对使用避孕套能力的自我效能感；性活动;还有避孕套的使用。这些项目分别在项目开始前、结束后、1个月和3个月后进行了调查。本研究经兵库大学护理艺术与科学学院研究伦理委员会批准。共有19组（37名男性，57名女性）接受了这项教育计划。受试者平均年龄为16.8岁（标准差为1.6岁）。从28名受试者中获得的数据进行了分析，他们对所有3项调查都做出了回应。结果显示，在节目前后，性行为如使用避孕套或射精等方面没有显著差异。然而，艾滋病/性传播疾病知识和安全套使用自我效能的得分在项目后（项目后1个月和3个月）显著提高。教育计划并没有改变行为，但提高了知识和自我效能。

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of an educational program to prevent HIV infection in young men and women. This study was based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill (IMB) model. The educational program was designed to inform young people about how to correctly use condoms during sex. The program consisted of 2 sessions given to small groups over 2 days. Each group consisted of less than 10 friends of the same gender. To ascertain the effectiveness of the educational program, a quasi-experimental design was used. Subjects were consenting men and women ranging in age from late teens to early 20s. The following items including psychosocial and behavioral factors were measured: demographic data; knowledge of HIV/STDs; attitudes towards contraception and sexual intercourse; awareness of the risk for pregnancy and HIV/STD; predicted reactions to a proposal to use a condom; perceived self-efficacy regarding the ability to implement condom use; sexual activity; and condom use. These items were surveyed before, immediately after and 1 and 3 months after the program. The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the College of Nursing Art and Science at the University of Hyogo. A total of 19 groups (37 men,57 women) received the educational program. Mean age of subjects was 16.8 years (standard deviation, 1.6 years). Data obtained from 28 subjects who responded to all 3 surveys were analyzed. The results showed no significant differences in sexual behaviors such as condom use or extravaginal ejaculation before and after the program. However, scores for knowledge of HIV/STDs and self-efficacy for condom use were significantly improved after the program (1 and 3 months after the program). The educational program did not change behaviors, but improved knowledge and self-efficacy.