Establishment of a public health guideline for osteoporosis prevention : based on the results of a long-term follow-up study

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To determine the serial changes in bone mineral density(BMD) and related lifestyle factors during a 15-year period in middle-aged women undergoing intervention since 1990. We conducted a follow-up survey of 209 middle-aged women from either farming or fishing communities in Fukui prefecture, Japan, who participated in the baseline survey in 1990. The following parameters were determined using consistent screening instruments and interview procedures to ensure reliable comparison with the baseline data.A total of 123 women(58.9%) participated in the follow-up survey, with a lower participation rate for the elderly. The major reasons for non-participation besides refusal were death, health care facility admission, and diseases. The participants had a mean age of 70.5 ± 9.3 years and were 22.6 ± 10.5 years post-menopause, on average. The prevalence of osteoporosis in each age group was 22% in 50-59-years-olds, 32% in 60-69-years-olds, 43% in 70-79-years-olds, and 59% in 80-89-years-olds. … More Women in the 40-49-years-old age group showed a marked decrease in the lumbar spine BMD that resulted in an approximately 1% decline in BMD from the baseline. The BMD decline was attenuated in the 60-69-years-old age group, but accelerated in 70-79-years-olds, with a nearly 0.6% decline from the baseline.Grip strength was significantly reduced in women with a negative %BMD compared to those with a positive or maintained %BMD. The degree of BMD decline was lower in the exercise than non-exercise group, although the effect of exercise was less evident in the elderly. In women who were pre-menopausal at the baseline, a negative %BMD was improved by drinking a glass of milk once a day. We evaluated the effect of milk in relation to the duration of the post-menopausal period, and found that single daily milk consumption was also effective for those who were less than 20 years post-menopause in preventing bone mineral loss.Our 15-year follow-up study suggested that body weight, milk consumption, and regular exercise pre-menopause were associated with the prevention of bone mineral loss in middle-aged women Less