Impact of Urban Relocation Recovery to the Affected Areas after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake in Turkey and the Possibility as a Recovery Measure.

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The disaster recovery measures and its process are deferent from every country, because the cultural, socio-economical and administrative conditions and local community structures are deferent from each other. The recovery process of the 1999 Marmara Earthquake in Turkey is divided into three steps. In the first step, that was the period of 2000-2004, the new development of new towns for people whose offices, shops and houses were collapsed was planned and completed. Approximately 43,000 units of houses and many hundreds of shops and offices were supplied to the suffered owners of them. This step is characterized by the relocation recovery of houses. However, the complexes of shops and offices have been unsuccessful, because nobody walked up to the shops of up-stair floor.Only shops faced the street on the ground floor can be continued. In the second step, that was the period of 2003-2006, the reconstruction of shops and offices starts on the original sites in the suffered area. In the … More se areas, the land use regulations of building height are intensified for making buildings against seismic damage. The building height of 6-8 stories were regulated into the height of 2-4 stories in the severely damaged area. The urban space that were reduced into one-half of the former space of built-up areas, was as same as the scale of space which was moved out in the new town for the suffered owners. As a result, many condominiums could not be reconstructed on the original sites, because the co-owners of such condominium could not agreed to rebuilt the condominium of one half capacity. There were many vacant sites of these condominiums. There were a shortage of rented houses in the suffered areas. The slightly suffered condominiums were repaired for the private rented houses for the new comers such as a student On the other hand, shops are recovered as a easy made or temporary shops on the original sites with the crowded peoples In the third step, that is the period of 2007-2009. In the central parts of Adapasari-city and Degr-mendere-city, as a case study area we studied, the exploration of reconstruction of buildings along the main streets was implemented every year and constructed the Data-base of buildings. The process of making the unequal building line can be understood. The condominiums could not be reconstructed under the building height regulation, but the individual or the developer companies reconstructed the new buildings by the purchase of rights of them. Such characteristic process of urban recovery in Turkey is clarified. Additionally, the recovery processes of ten suffered people were collected through the interview researches. It is also clarified that these individual recovery processes are diversified. Less