The structure of habitual action : Flexibility and time series

我们考察了视觉控制运动在两个熟练的任务中的作用，绘画和比尔博奎特的技巧“摇摆”。在第一个研究中，两名画家被要求在一张白纸上画一个青铜的脚。纸上的画面和画家的动作都通过数码摄像机和3D运动捕捉系统进行记录。利用RQA策略，对画家运动的动力学特性进行了量化。研究发现，在比尔博奎特任务中，四名专家和四名新手进行了200次测试，其中头部移动以在图形和纸之间转移视线，手握铅笔的运动相互耦合，彼此之间不会出现功能障碍。专家组的头、膝动作比新手更广泛，头与球、膝与球的耦合比新手更紧密，每次试验结束时，专家组的头与球的距离比新手组更一致。这些发现表明，比尔博奎特专家控制他们的身体运动来动态地协调他们的身体和移动的球，而专家中头部和球的强烈耦合似乎有助于他们视力的稳定。

We examined the role of visually controlled movement in a two skilled task, drawing and a Bilboquet trick "Swing-in."In a first study on a blank sheet of paper, two painters were asked to draw a bronze figure of a foot. Both the picture on the paper and the movement of the painters were recorded by digital video camera and 3D motion capture system. Using RQA strategies, the dynamical properties of the movement of the painters were quantified. It was found that the movement of the head to shift gaze between the figure and the paper, and the movement of the hand holding a pencil was reciprocally coupled in such a way not to be dysfunctional to each other.In a Bilboquet task, four expert and four novice players performed 200 trials. The expert's head and knee movements were more extensive and the couplings of the head and the ball, the knee and the ball were tighter in the experts than the novice's. And at the end of each trial, distances between the head and the ball in the expert group were more consistent than that in the novice group. These findings suggest that Bilboquet experts control their body movement to dynamically coordinate their body with the moving ball and the strong coupling of the head and the ball in the experts seemed to contribute the stabilization of their vision.