A Research on the strata of Chinese Related to Language Policy and Social Change in Qing Dynasty

本文从满洲人统治下的共同语流的角度，研究了民族间、阶级间、地区间存在的共同语与语言交叉的关系，以验证清朝语言政策与社会变迁相关的汉语的多层性。它发生在17世纪至20世纪初。本研究从以下五个角度进行分析：1)“少数民族对多数民族的统治和两族共存”，以及“在特定情况下，即满洲统治下对汉语的影响”；2)“满语汉化”和“对通用语言的要求”；3)“外交谈判需要一种共同语言”和“南京普通话与北京普通话的对抗”；4)“与政治制度有关的特定阶级”和“成熟和普及的统治阶级方言”；5)“清代执政能力的兴衰”及其“与语言的关系”。

This paper researched the relation between a common language and language crossing, which exist between nations, classes and regions to verify multilevel nature the Chinese language related to Qing's language policy and social change from the view point of streams of a common language under the rule of the Manchurian. It is during 17^<th> century to the beginning of 20^<th> century. In this research, analysis was carried out from following five view points : 1) "rule by ethnic minorities to majorities and co-existence between both ethnic group", and "the influence to Chinese language under the specific situation, that is, rule by the Manchurian" ; 2) "Sinicization (Hanization) of the Manchurian" and "the request to a common language" ; 3) "necessity of a common language for diplomatic negotiation" and "confrontation between Nanjing Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin" ; 4) "Specific classes related to political institutions" and "Ruling class dialect which matured and be populared" ; 5) "Raise and fall of governing ability of Qing dynasty" and "its' relation to language".