Source-sink structure and gene flow within a population of brown bears and its application to human-bear conflict management.

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Habitats of brown bears consist of mosaic of heterogeneous in terms of its quality and mortality risk. Scat density of bears in population core was higher than in periphery in fall, whereas the density in core decreased in summer. We confirmed the movement of males from the core to the periphery in summer. We considered that, in population periphery in summer, habitat quality is high because of high availability of agricultural crops and deer carcasses derived from nuisance control and mortality risk is also high because of nuisance control caused by invasion into villages and crop depredation, which is known as attractive sink-like habitat.