Why was the oriental white stork able to survive at Toyooka City? : Ecosystem approach with specimens and materials in museum

为了弄清东洋白鹳在东洋白鹳栖息地的生态系统特征，本文采用生态学和博物馆学两种方法对东洋白鹳栖息地的生态系统特征进行了研究。作为一种生态方法，在丸山河高水位铺筑的池塘再造操作实验中，对市民提供的鹳分布情况进行了调查。结果表明，该池塘的鱼类个体数量显著增加（2-5倍），物种多样性贡献占整个丸山河流域的40%左右。结果表明：1)沿堤岸，白鹳的活动范围通常小于15cm； 2)白鹳的活动范围随季节变化而变化，夏季最宽，冬季最窄；3)白鹳的聚集不受绝对深度的影响，而受海平面的影响。采用博物馆学方法，收集标本及分布记录（412点，721份）。利用地理信息系统对这些数据进行分析，构建物种分布模型。结果表明，海岸带附近低地和河口潮滩的存在有助于模型的统计能力。此外，为了分析海源物质流的贡献，利用鹳标本的稳定同位素（C， N）方法，初步分析了在丰丰市河口附近和内陆水域采集的灰鹭标本的翅膀组织。然而，数据变化太大，结果不明确。为了以实用的方式整合这些方法，我们研究了小规模和简单的工程方法，如在重要的白鹳场所与市民一起重建小型春水池和沟渠。结果表明，两栖动物的密度显著增加，并且作为旅游考察了两栖动物参与的可能性。最后，在博物馆举行了“鹳存在的风景”专题展览，公开了市民提供的照片和收藏资料以及研究成果和资料。少

In this study, to clarify the ecosystem properties of the Toyooka basin where oriental white stork had survived till the last domestically, we attempted to study the two different approaches by using an ecological and a museological method. As an ecological method, information from the citizens on the distiribution of the storks in the operation experimentation concerning the re-creation of the ponds in river high water paved of Maruyama River was examined. As a result, it was able to be confirmed to the number of fishes individuals was daramatically enhanced (2-5 times) and contiribution of species diversity at this pond covered about 40% in the entire Maruyama River watershed. The behavioral tracking data of the storks showed that 1) storks often utilized the site by 15cm or less in depth along the levee, 2) the home range was varied by the season, the summer time must be the widest, and winter must be narrow, 3) the storks aggregations respond to not absolute depth but the sea level … More down. As a museological method, the specimens and distribution record (412 points, 721 records) were collected. These data were analyzed and constracted species distribution models with geographic information syastem. The results showed that the existence of the low ground near coastal zone and the mouth of a river tidal flats contributed the statistical power of the models. Moreover, to analyze the contribution of sea origin material flow by using the stable isotope methods (C, N) of the stork specimen, we preliminary analyzed the wings tissue of gray heron speciemen collected at near river mouth and inland water in the Toyooka City. However, variation of the data was too large and results were not clear. To integrate these approaches in a practical manner, we examined the small-scale and easy engineering method as small vernal pool and ditches were re-created with citizen at important sites for the storks. As a result, density of amphibians has increased remarkably and the participation possibility as tourism was examined. Finally, special exhibition "Scenery where the stork existed" was held at museum, disclosing the photograph and the collection material that offered from the citizens and study results and materials. Less