Effects of amino acid administration and exercise on the regulation of the muscle protein and energy metabolism.

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The metabolic control by nutrition and exercise may play important roles in the health promotion, and its correct information in regard to the responsible mechanisms for the effects are required. In the present studies, we addressed to clarify effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) administration and exercise on the health promotion and the responsible mechanisms for the effects : the detailed aims were to clarify (1) the regulatory mechanism responsible for the BCAA metabolism, (2) the effects of BCAA administration on the disuse-induced muscle atrophy, and (3) the function of BCAA on the glucose metabolism. We found the evidence that suggests the existence of an unknown factor which may regulate the BCAA catabolism through inactivation of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase in rat liver mitochondria. In the study for the disuse-induced muscle atrophy, we found that the feeding of 5% BCAA diet attenuated disuse-induced decreases in the factors that promote cell growth and protein synthesis, although it did not affect the muscle atrophy itself and amounts of the components in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, we found that the plasma BCAA concentrations may play an important role in the normal glucose tolerance.