Dynamics of Quantum Gases in the two Dimensional Anti-dot Optical Lattices

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We created a new type of optical lattices, two dimensional anti-dot optical lattices, in which the periodic potential minima are multiply connected. Then, by transferring cold atomic gases with a high phase space density into the lattices, we experimentally studied non-equilibrium phenomena. By shaking the anti-dot lattices with a large velocity, we observed broadening in the momentum distributions of atomic gases. Although the threshold above which the momentum broadening increases was not seen clearly, the results show that the energy dissipation induced by shaking the anti-dot lattices.