Analysis of molecular recognition in liquid by pulse-modulated attractive force microscopy

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We revealed that the surface electric-field modulation from the backward electrode of insulating substrate was effective for surface molecular adsorbates. We demonstrated that electrostatic force microscopy gives characteristic contrast inversion between DNA and transcription complex images reflecting the difference of electric polarizability of these molecules. These findings indicate that the electrostatic properties of individual biological molecules can be imaged on an insulator substrate suggesting the basis of pulsed-modulated attractive force microscopy.