Study of forest space use and social structure of the bats that use dead leaves for roosts

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The females of Ussurian tube-nosed bats use roosts in tree crowns during parturition and child-rearing period in June and July. In contrast, males use roosts below tree crowns in this period. In Autumn, both males and females use roosts close to the ground mostly less than 2 m from the ground. In late autumn, use of roosts in tree cavities were observed. During winter, it is highly likely that they hibernate within snow. PCR primers were newly designed and synthesized to amplify eight microsatellite DNA loci in the Ussurian tube-nosed bat. Of 12 primer pairs including the new primers and primers derived from other bat species, seven seemed to be applicable to Ussurian tube-nosed bats as molecular DNA markers.