Studies on life cycles of aquatic parasites, in particular, host-specificities of their infective stages

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The life cycle, growth and reproduction of Caligus fugu(=Pseudocaligus fugu), which causes “caligosis” in tiger puffer, are clarified. In caligiforms the following results were newly obtained:(1) the number of post-naupliar stages is six as in other copepods;(2) some species have a life cycle to switch hosts in adults;(3) the suck-like lunule developmentally originates from the cuticle membrane of frontal plates.The monogenean Udonella fugu hyperparasitic on C. fugu on glass puffer occurred and reproduced throughout a year. Three species of trematodes utilize large-sized medusae, medusivorous fish and Cyanea nozakii as the second, final and paratenic hosts, respectively. The histophagous apostome ciliate Vampyrophrya pelagicametamorphoses from tomite to phront, during which cyst wall and stalk and precursors of food vacuole membranes are formed.