Devising a multiplex DNA typing system to identify the third-degree kinship

设计多重 DNA 分型系统来识别三级亲属关系

• 批准号: 20390195
• 负责人: TAMAKI Kenji
• 金额: $ 11.56万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2008 至 2010
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20390195/
• 关键词: DNA多型医学; 親子鑑定; ミニサテライト; 第3度血縁; MVR-PCR

Arriving at a conclusion that two individuals are third degree relatives (e.g. cousin) via DNA analysis is a difficult task as the purported individuals have only a 25% chance of sharing common alleles at any given locus. In order to increase the certainty of the relationship, experts often resort to hypervariable minisatellite loci because a pair of individuals can demonstrate high likelihood ratios (LRs) in the event that they share rare alleles. We firstly investigated the comparison of allele structures in Thai, Han Chinese, and Japanese populations. The great majority of alignable Asian alleles showed their closest structural relative in Asia. This rapidly evolving minisatellite can therefore serve as a lineage marker for exploring recent events in human population history and dissecting population structure at the fine-scale level, as well as being an extremely informative DNA marker for personal identification. we then examined third degree relatives from two groups of siblings … More using two hypervariable minisatellite loci. Relationships were not established because no alleles were shared between the two groups ; albeit sharing of alleles within each group was noted in moderation. We also estimated the distribution of LRs in a variety of kinships (parent-child, siblings, two s! iblings etc.) using a commercially available typing kit which simultaneously amplifies 15 STR loci. Although the STR system is extremely useful in establishing individual identification when both parents, or two or more children (or siblings) are available for comparison it is highly unlikely that the system will be effective in third degree kinship analyses. This postulation is based on our study of samples obtained from known third degree relatives in which we attempted a microsatellite-based approach to establishing kinship. However, unfortunately with microsatellites alone the calculated LR was less than 1, which is insufficient for positive identification. Consequently, a more effective method such that estimates the proportion of chromosomal sharing would be more advantageous in comparison to attempting to demonstrate allelic hypervariability at several loci. To date we have analyzed 382 dinucleotide loci distributed throughout the human genome in order to estimate the length proportion of shared haplotypes between two individuals in varying modes of kinship. The initial data we have obtained is promising and is currently being carefully analyzed. Less

通过DNA分析得出两个个体是三级亲属（例如表亲）的结论是一项困难的任务，因为声称的个体在任何给定的基因座上只有25%的机会共享共同的等位基因。为了增加这种关系的确定性，专家们经常求助于高变小卫星基因座，因为一对个体在共享罕见等位基因的情况下可以表现出高似然比（LR）。我们首先调查了泰国、中国汉族和日本人群中等位基因结构的比较。绝大多数可分离的亚洲等位基因在亚洲表现出最接近的结构亲属。因此，这种快速演变的小卫星可以作为一种谱系标记，用于探索人类人口历史上最近发生的事件，并在精细尺度上解剖人口结构，同时也是一种信息量极高的DNA标记，用于个人身份识别。然后，我们检查了两组兄弟姐妹的三级亲属， ...更多信息 使用两个高变小卫星基因座。由于两组之间没有等位基因共享，因此未建立关系;尽管注意到每组内等位基因的共享适度。我们还估计了LR在各种亲属关系中的分布（父母-子女，兄弟姐妹，两个S！（例如，使用同时扩增15个STR基因座的市售分型试剂盒。虽然STR系统在确定父母双方或两个或两个以上子女（或兄弟姐妹）可供比较的个人身份方面非常有用，但该系统在三级亲属关系分析中几乎不可能有效。这一假设是基于我们对已知三级亲属样本的研究，我们尝试了一种基于微卫星的方法来建立亲属关系。然而，不幸的是，仅用微卫星计算的LR小于1，这不足以进行阳性鉴定。因此，与试图证明几个基因座的等位基因高变相比，估计染色体共享比例的更有效方法将更有利。到目前为止，我们已经分析了382个二核苷酸位点分布在整个人类基因组，以估计长度的比例共享单倍型之间的两个人在不同模式的亲属关系。我们获得的初步数据是有希望的，目前正在仔细分析。少

项目成果

基調講演

主题演讲

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Luo;Y;桂紹隆
• 通讯作者: 桂紹隆

Likelihood evaluation using 15 common short tandem repeat loci: a practical and simulated approach to establishing personal identification via sibling/parental assessments

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02024.x
• 发表时间: 2009-03
• 期刊: Transfusion
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Keiji Tamaki;R. Kaszynski;Qing-Hua Yuan;Koichi Yoshida;Tomoko Okuno;T. Tsuruyama

第92次日本法医学会総会

第92届日本法医学会年会

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: 玉木敬二;他
• 通讯作者: 他

Likelihood evaluation using 15 common short tandem repeat ioci : a practical and simulated approach to establishing personal identification via sibiing/parental assessments

使用 15 个常见短串联重复 ioci 进行可能性评估：通过 sibiing/家长评估建立个人身份的实用模拟方法

• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Transfusion 49
• 作者: Tamaki;K;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

Efficacy of extended kinship analyses utilizing commercial STR kit in establishing personal identification.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2010.09.001
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Legal medicine
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Koichi Yoshida;Kazuhiro Yayama;Atsushi Hatanaka;Keiji Tamaki