Studies on the mechanism underlying the promotion of axonal regeneration by cell transplantation into the central nervous system lesion site

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Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) into the lesion site of the CNS suppressed the formation of the fibrotic scar (Teng et al., 2008 ; Teng et al., 2010). Receptors for transforming growth factor-ss (TGF-ss) were expressed in meningeal fibroblasts which formed the fibrotic scar after brain injury (Komuta et al., 2010), and an inhibitor of TGF-ss suppressed the fibrotic scar formation (Yoshioka et al., 2011). When TGF-ss was added to coculute of astrocytes and fibroblasts, cell clusters which resembled the fibrotic scar were formed (Kimura-Kuroda et al., 2010). These results suggests that TGF-ss which increases after CNS injury is involved in the fibrotic scar formation.