Instructive signals for learning in voluntary movement-their transmission pathway and representation in the brain

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We learn from mistakes. Saccade adaptation, a simple form of learning in eye movement, provides a unique opportunity to investigate the neural mechanism of learning. Here we report that repetitive pairing of saccades with electrical stimulation of the brain produced robust adaptation and that the midbrain superior colliculus may be a source of neural signals that guide learning. This project has shown that instructive signals for motor learning can be artificially created, thus paving a way to developing a new approach to rehabilitation.