A Study on Establishment Factors of Budo in Japanese Culture-as seen in Shinkage-ryu and Itto-ryu

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We have logically clarified the original training forms of fencing-patterns in Shinkage-ryu and Itto-ryu through studies on old documents of these schools, and also confirmed their philosophy in the early 18th century. In the second half of this century, a new fencing style, so-called Gekken using bamboo-swords and protectors, was adapted in a branch of Itto-ryu. This fencing style was immediately so popularized that the existence of traditional Kenjutsu schools was put in its shade. On the other hand, in the traditional Kenjutsu schools, the spirits of the independence and the readiness for death were considered as the first importance for Samurai. This spiritual enlightment became the basic doctrine of Budo culture of Japan that considers human education as primarily important rather than practical martial technics.