REGULATION AND MODIFICATION OF EXERCISE-STIMULATED AMP-KINASE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE

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Physical exercise stimulates 5' -AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that chemically adds phosphate groups to specific proteins in human and animal skeletal muscle. AMPK is important for promoting glucose, lipid and energy utilization in skeletal muscle cells. We found evidence suggesting that leucine, a branched chain amino acid, enhances exercise-stimulated AMPK activity, and that anti-diabetic plant (extract of Mulberry leaf) and anti-diabetic compounds (caffeine, berberine) increase AMPK activity in rat skeletal muscle. We also analyzed underlying molecular mechanisms.