A novel modification of superhydrophobic surfaces using supercritical carbon dioxide

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Superhydrophobic surfaces were obtained by coating with spherical particles formed by the self-assembly of random copolymers consisting of perfluoroalkyl acrylate and commercial monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide. The random copolymers self-assembled into nano-sized spheres in the heterogeneous state below the cloud points. The ^1NMR demonstrated that the nanospheres had the shelles of perfluoroalkyl chains and the cores of the commercial monomer units. The surfaces coated with the nanospheres were superhydrophobic and showed high water contact angles over 164°. The most superhydrophobic surface was 171.5° obtained from the random copolymer containing amino groups cross-linked electrostatically by a bifunctional acid. It was found that this superhydrophobicity was based on the correlation of the hydrophobicity by the perfluoroalkyl chains and the spherical structure because the cast film showed only 96.5° of the contact angle. Furthermore, in order to obtain much higher hydrophobic surface, a novel photo-living radical polymerization that had environmental benign nature was determined.