The actual situation ofurban families and morality thoughtin Edo Tokyo from the beginning to the middle of the 19th century

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Analyzing records of population census (Nimbetsucho) and literature, we clarified the actual situation of urban families, family consciousness andmorality (filial piety) from the beginning to the middle of the 19th century.Nuclear families, which exceed 50% of the whole, were staying as families in the Edo moving from town to town. Family consciousness is characterized by an attachment to his/her household.Compassion between parents and children, which is a close bond of families, had been formed and confirmed through filial support and bringing-up.Essence of filial piety was self-conclusive management of family members,and independent self-helpto achieve it.