Historical iconology of War Gods

本文从历史肖像学的角度对日本中近代早期的一尊军神及其相关形象进行了研究。“幕府将军次佐”是神道教和佛教神祇之间战争的结果而创造的军事神。中世纪的许多军政府和普通民众都是在民族和国土观念的背景下信仰幕府政制的，这对近代的战争以及后来民族国家的形成和发展都产生了相当大的影响。本研究的目的在于了解800年来幕府纪佐及相关影像信仰的历史变迁。在研究过程中，笔者对全日本现存的幕府集居进行了研究和搜集，建立了幕府集居数据库，并与相关史料和文献进行了交叉核对。在此基础上，笔者对800年的历史进行了梳理，包括：(1)13世纪幕府纪佐信仰的起源，(2)14世纪相关信仰的扩展和故事的创作，(3)16世纪爱谷公根信仰的传播，(4)幕府纪佐作为防火神的扩展，(5)近代战争中对军事神的重新认可。并发现了一种新的观点，即对水神的信仰是对中世纪幕府将军和军神信仰的基础。

This is the study into an ikusa-gami(military deity) in the middle and early-modern Japan and the related images from the perspective of historical iconography."Shogun jizo "is a military deity created as a consequence of the war among Shinto and Buddhist deities. Many of military governments and common people in the middle ages believed in shogun jizo in the context of the notions of nation and national land, which had considerable impact on the wars in the modern age and formation and development of nation state later on. The purpose of this study is to figure out the historical changes in the belief in shogun jizo and related images over the period of 800 years. In the course of the study, the author conducted research and collection covering all of the shogun jizos existing throughout Japan, made a database of those shogun jizos and crosschecked them with related historical sources and documents.Based on the above, the author clarified the history of 800 years including(1) origination of the belief in shogun jizo in the 13th century,(2) expansion of the belief and creation of related stories in the 14th century,(3) dissemination of the belief in Atago gongen in the 16th century,(4) expansion of shogun jizo as the god of fire prevention and(5) re-recognition as the military deity in the wars in the modern age, and found the new view that the belief in the god of water underlies the belief in shogun jizo and in the military deity in the medieval age.