Passing Down Tradition and Nurturing Civic Nature : The Baccalaureat, French University Entrance Exam, as a Rite of Passage

文凭考试承担着双重职责：它既是中学毕业证书，也是大学入学考试。一个主要的作文问题将在四个小时内回答，决定一个学生的及格或不及格。在大学和荔枝学院，学生学习如何通过写辩证论点和练习口头辩论来表达法国人的思想。他们通过引用哲学和文学经典来学习将法国思想作为智力遗产来培养。通过培养学生提出论点所需的批判性和综合性技能，学生通过大学考试达到两个目标：培养他们对传统的继承和发展他们的公民本性。“社会化”主要是在基础教育的范围内进行的，在法国，在该国中学教育的后期阶段，通过实践笔试在智力上进行。

The baccalaureat exam performs double duty : It certifies the completion of secondary school and serves as a university entrance exam. A major essay question, to be answered within four hours, determines whether a student passes or fails. In colleges and lycees, students learn how to express French thoughts by writing dialectic arguments and practicing oral arguments. They learn to cultivate French thoughts as intellectual heritage by citing philosophical and literary classics. By nurturing the critical and integrative skills needed for developing one's argument, students achieve two objectives via the university examination : nurturing their inheritance of tradition and developing their civic nature. "Socialization," which is primarily carried out within the boundaries of elementary education, is carried out intellectually in France through practice written exams during the latter stage of the country's secondary education.