Development of the multi-scale hybrid turbulence model for large-eddy simulation using unstructured grid

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Sub-grid scale turbulence model and numerical method for large-eddy simulation have been developed based on the unstructured finite volume method. By optimizing the blending factor and SGS turbulence model considering the length from the solid wall, the drag crisis phenomena, in which drag coefficient of the sphere drastically decreases at a specific Reynolds number, was successfully simulated, and the numerical method developed has been validated. In addition, the method has been verified by applying it to the rotating sphere cases and the negative Magnus effect predicted in past wind-tunnel measurements has been realized in LES. The physical mechanism of causing the negative Magnus effect and its discrepancy from the theory was explained and discussed.