Modeling of social-ecosystems based on geographic information and multi-stable theory in lake ecosystems

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Based on the multi-stable theory in ecosystems, this study firstly shows a restoration technique of eutrophicated lakes by using a mathematical model that takes into account biological interactions in lake ecosystems. Secondly, omprehensive-GIS (Geographic Information System) analyses of forty-year social and environmental data in basins of lakes Sagami and Tsukui in Kanagawa prefecture revealed a prime factor for algal blooms in these lakes. Namely, one of the main nutrients, nitrogen, may originate not from sewage in the basins but from atmosphere. Taking into account the above results, a restoration technique by using biological interactions is very effective especially for lakes that are unavoidable for eutrophication due to social and environmental circumstances.