Seed dormancy of Trillium camschatcense requiring 21 months from seed dispersal to cotyledon emergence

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To know the reason why seeds of Trillium camschatcense need long periods for 21 months from seed dispersal to cotyledon emergence, temperature and light requirement for embryo growth, radicle emergence, and cotyledon emergence of seeds were revealed. Embryos in seeds were undeveloped at seed dispersal. The first low temperature was required for embryo growth and radicle emergence, and the second low temperature was required for cotyledon emergence from seeds producing roots. Percentages of radicle emergence at constant temperature or in dark were higher than at alternating temperature or in light.