The origin of ecotype differentiation in an alpine plant to adapt heterogeneous environments.

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Conspecific organisms are frequently comprised ecotypes, which are genetically differentiated to adapt contrasting environments. The alpine plant, Potentilla matumurae, includes the two most different ecotypes from fellfield and snowbed environments. This study shows that the ecotype differentiation of P. matsumurae multiply occurred across several mountains in the Japanese archipelago. The parallel ecological divergence across the mountain sky islands is a model system to reveal initiative source for biodiversity.